Low folate levels may be an atherogenic factor regardless of homocysteine levels in young healthy nonsmokers
Abstract Low folate and high homocysteine levels are emerging as important risk factors for atherosclerosis and predictors of early coronary heart disease. We evaluated folate and homocysteine levels, compared them with endothelial function, and analyzed their association with the methylenetetrahydr...
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| creator | Imamura, Akiko Murakami, Ryuichiro Takahashi, Ryotaro Cheng, Xian Wu Numaguchi, Yasushi Murohara, Toyoaki Okumura, Kenji |
| description | Abstract Low folate and high homocysteine levels are emerging as important risk factors for atherosclerosis and predictors of early coronary heart disease. We evaluated folate and homocysteine levels, compared them with endothelial function, and analyzed their association with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotypes. We recruited 71 young healthy male nonsmokers without overt cardiovascular or renal disease. Plasma homocysteine levels were enhanced 2-fold in the subjects with the MTHFR 677T/T compared with the others ( P = .0001) and also enhanced in the subjects with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase −786C allele ( P = .031). Homocysteine levels were independently predicted only by the MTHFR genotype. A relationship between folate and homocysteine levels was not significant. Plasma folate levels were associated independently either with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels or with endothelial function in the brachial artery. These results suggest that low folate levels may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases regardless of homocysteine levels and that the subjects with lower folate levels should be recommended for dietary folic acid supplementation to elevate endothelial function and probably increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.017 |
| format | Article |
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We evaluated folate and homocysteine levels, compared them with endothelial function, and analyzed their association with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotypes. We recruited 71 young healthy male nonsmokers without overt cardiovascular or renal disease. Plasma homocysteine levels were enhanced 2-fold in the subjects with the MTHFR 677T/T compared with the others ( P = .0001) and also enhanced in the subjects with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase −786C allele ( P = .031). Homocysteine levels were independently predicted only by the MTHFR genotype. A relationship between folate and homocysteine levels was not significant. Plasma folate levels were associated independently either with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels or with endothelial function in the brachial artery. These results suggest that low folate levels may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases regardless of homocysteine levels and that the subjects with lower folate levels should be recommended for dietary folic acid supplementation to elevate endothelial function and probably increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0026-0495</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-8600</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.017</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19913857</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Atherosclerosis - blood ; Atherosclerosis - diagnostic imaging ; Atherosclerosis - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Brachial Artery - diagnostic imaging ; Brachial Artery - metabolism ; Cholesterol - blood ; DNA - chemistry ; DNA - genetics ; Endocrinology & Metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular - diagnostic imaging ; Endothelium, Vascular - enzymology ; Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Folic Acid - blood ; Folic Acid - metabolism ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism ; Homocysteine - blood ; Homocysteine - metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin - blood ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Triglycerides - blood ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><ispartof>Metabolism, clinical and experimental, 2010-05, Vol.59 (5), p.728-733</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2010 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-5023e4c58b56afa66df87ad2d4493356fbed1bd8297923589f5fb2aef37b86883</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-5023e4c58b56afa66df87ad2d4493356fbed1bd8297923589f5fb2aef37b86883</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.017$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,3552,27931,27932,46002</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22752275$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913857$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Imamura, Akiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murakami, Ryuichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Ryotaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Xian Wu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Numaguchi, Yasushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murohara, Toyoaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okumura, Kenji</creatorcontrib><title>Low folate levels may be an atherogenic factor regardless of homocysteine levels in young healthy nonsmokers</title><title>Metabolism, clinical and experimental</title><addtitle>Metabolism</addtitle><description>Abstract Low folate and high homocysteine levels are emerging as important risk factors for atherosclerosis and predictors of early coronary heart disease. We evaluated folate and homocysteine levels, compared them with endothelial function, and analyzed their association with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotypes. We recruited 71 young healthy male nonsmokers without overt cardiovascular or renal disease. Plasma homocysteine levels were enhanced 2-fold in the subjects with the MTHFR 677T/T compared with the others ( P = .0001) and also enhanced in the subjects with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase −786C allele ( P = .031). Homocysteine levels were independently predicted only by the MTHFR genotype. A relationship between folate and homocysteine levels was not significant. Plasma folate levels were associated independently either with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels or with endothelial function in the brachial artery. These results suggest that low folate levels may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases regardless of homocysteine levels and that the subjects with lower folate levels should be recommended for dietary folic acid supplementation to elevate endothelial function and probably increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - blood</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Brachial Artery - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Brachial Artery - metabolism</subject><subject>Cholesterol - blood</subject><subject>DNA - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA - genetics</subject><subject>Endocrinology & Metabolism</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - enzymology</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Folic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Folic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</subject><subject>Homocysteine - blood</subject><subject>Homocysteine - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - genetics</subject><subject>Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - genetics</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><issn>0026-0495</issn><issn>1532-8600</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk2L1TAUhoMoznX0JyjZiKte89E06UaRwS-44EJdhzQ9uTd30mRM2pH-e1tuGcGNcEIWec5JePIi9JKSPSW0eXveDzCaLoU9I6Tdr0XlI7SjgrNKNYQ8RjtCWFORuhVX6FkpZ0KIlKp5iq5o21KuhNyhcEi_sUvBjIAD3EMoeDAz7gCbiM14gpyOEL3FztgxZZzhaHIfoBScHD6lIdm5jODjQ7uPeE5TPOITmDCeZhxTLEO6hVyeoyfOhAIvtv0a_fz08cfNl-rw7fPXmw-HytZ1O1aCMA61FaoTjXGmaXqnpOlZv5xyLhrXQU-7XrFWtowL1TrhOmbAcdmpRil-jd5c5t7l9GuCMurBFwshmAhpKlpyrlrBBFtIcSFtTqVkcPou-8HkWVOiV8_6rDfPevWs16Jy6Xu13TB1A_R_uzaxC_B6A0yxJrhsovXlgWNMinUt3PsLt6iDew9ZF-shWuh9BjvqPvn_PuXdPxNs8MuPmXALM5RzmnJcZGuqC9NEf19DsWaCtITUSyD4H_N1tPE</recordid><startdate>20100501</startdate><enddate>20100501</enddate><creator>Imamura, Akiko</creator><creator>Murakami, Ryuichiro</creator><creator>Takahashi, Ryotaro</creator><creator>Cheng, Xian Wu</creator><creator>Numaguchi, Yasushi</creator><creator>Murohara, Toyoaki</creator><creator>Okumura, Kenji</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100501</creationdate><title>Low folate levels may be an atherogenic factor regardless of homocysteine levels in young healthy nonsmokers</title><author>Imamura, Akiko ; Murakami, Ryuichiro ; Takahashi, Ryotaro ; Cheng, Xian Wu ; Numaguchi, Yasushi ; Murohara, Toyoaki ; Okumura, Kenji</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-5023e4c58b56afa66df87ad2d4493356fbed1bd8297923589f5fb2aef37b86883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - blood</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Brachial Artery - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Brachial Artery - metabolism</topic><topic>Cholesterol - blood</topic><topic>DNA - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA - genetics</topic><topic>Endocrinology & Metabolism</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - enzymology</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Folic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Folic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Homocysteine - blood</topic><topic>Homocysteine - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - genetics</topic><topic>Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - metabolism</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - genetics</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Doppler</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Imamura, Akiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murakami, Ryuichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Ryotaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Xian Wu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Numaguchi, Yasushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murohara, Toyoaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okumura, Kenji</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Metabolism, clinical and experimental</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Imamura, Akiko</au><au>Murakami, Ryuichiro</au><au>Takahashi, Ryotaro</au><au>Cheng, Xian Wu</au><au>Numaguchi, Yasushi</au><au>Murohara, Toyoaki</au><au>Okumura, Kenji</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low folate levels may be an atherogenic factor regardless of homocysteine levels in young healthy nonsmokers</atitle><jtitle>Metabolism, clinical and experimental</jtitle><addtitle>Metabolism</addtitle><date>2010-05-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>728</spage><epage>733</epage><pages>728-733</pages><issn>0026-0495</issn><eissn>1532-8600</eissn><abstract>Abstract Low folate and high homocysteine levels are emerging as important risk factors for atherosclerosis and predictors of early coronary heart disease. We evaluated folate and homocysteine levels, compared them with endothelial function, and analyzed their association with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotypes. We recruited 71 young healthy male nonsmokers without overt cardiovascular or renal disease. Plasma homocysteine levels were enhanced 2-fold in the subjects with the MTHFR 677T/T compared with the others ( P = .0001) and also enhanced in the subjects with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase −786C allele ( P = .031). Homocysteine levels were independently predicted only by the MTHFR genotype. A relationship between folate and homocysteine levels was not significant. Plasma folate levels were associated independently either with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels or with endothelial function in the brachial artery. These results suggest that low folate levels may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases regardless of homocysteine levels and that the subjects with lower folate levels should be recommended for dietary folic acid supplementation to elevate endothelial function and probably increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19913857</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.017</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Atherosclerosis - blood Atherosclerosis - diagnostic imaging Atherosclerosis - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Blood Glucose - metabolism Brachial Artery - diagnostic imaging Brachial Artery - metabolism Cholesterol - blood DNA - chemistry DNA - genetics Endocrinology & Metabolism Endothelium, Vascular - diagnostic imaging Endothelium, Vascular - enzymology Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism Feeding. Feeding behavior Folic Acid - blood Folic Acid - metabolism Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Homocysteine - blood Homocysteine - metabolism Humans Insulin - blood Male Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - genetics Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - genetics Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Statistics, Nonparametric Triglycerides - blood Ultrasonography, Doppler Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| title | Low folate levels may be an atherogenic factor regardless of homocysteine levels in young healthy nonsmokers |
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