A review of the factors affecting sunlight inactivation of micro-organisms in waste stabilisation ponds: preliminary results for enterococci
Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are efficient, cost-effective methods of treating wastewater in rural and remote communities in Australia. It is recognised that sunlight plays a significant role in their disinfection, however, due to the poor penetration of light in turbid waters it has been hypothe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water science and technology 2010-01, Vol.61 (4), p.885-890 |
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| creator | Bolton, N F Cromar, N J Hallsworth, P Fallowfield, H J |
| description | Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are efficient, cost-effective methods of treating wastewater in rural and remote communities in Australia. It is recognised that sunlight plays a significant role in their disinfection, however, due to the poor penetration of light in turbid waters it has been hypothesised that other mechanisms may also contribute to disinfection in WSPs. To date, studies have reported various and conflicting results with regards to the relative contributions of UVA, UVB, PAR and environmental factors including pH, DO and photo-sensitisers on micro-organism disinfection. Initially we investigated the role of these environmental factors on the solar disinfection of enterococci in buffered distilled water to control for potential confounding factors within the wastewater. Die-off rate constants were measured, in sterile buffered distilled water at varying pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations, for enterococci irradiated with UVA and UVB. Enterococci were found to be predominantly inactivated by UVB (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2166/wst.2010.958 |
| format | Article |
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It is recognised that sunlight plays a significant role in their disinfection, however, due to the poor penetration of light in turbid waters it has been hypothesised that other mechanisms may also contribute to disinfection in WSPs. To date, studies have reported various and conflicting results with regards to the relative contributions of UVA, UVB, PAR and environmental factors including pH, DO and photo-sensitisers on micro-organism disinfection. Initially we investigated the role of these environmental factors on the solar disinfection of enterococci in buffered distilled water to control for potential confounding factors within the wastewater. Die-off rate constants were measured, in sterile buffered distilled water at varying pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations, for enterococci irradiated with UVA and UVB. Enterococci were found to be predominantly inactivated by UVB (p<0.001), however, UVA was also observed to increase inactivation rates relative to the dark control (p<0.001). DO and pH were found to have no effect on inactivation rate when enterococci were irradiated with UVB (p>0.05), however, when irradiated with UVA, both DO and pH were observed to further increase inactivation rates (p<0.01).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-1223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-9732</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.958</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20182066</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: IWA Publishing</publisher><subject>Bacteria ; Buffers ; Constants ; Deactivation ; Disinfection ; Dissolved oxygen ; Distilled water ; Effluents ; Enterococcus - metabolism ; Environmental factors ; Humic Substances ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inactivation ; Light ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Organisms ; Oxygen - chemistry ; Oxygen - metabolism ; Pathogens ; pH effects ; Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology ; Ponds ; Rate constants ; Rural communities ; Stabilization ponds ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods ; Wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Water - chemistry ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollutants - isolation & purification ; Water Purification - methods</subject><ispartof>Water science and technology, 2010-01, Vol.61 (4), p.885-890</ispartof><rights>Copyright IWA Publishing Feb 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c388t-5b246f99982ea20b63933e8932ef26bea11bf5f91bef6cd2c565e2ba6b2ed1ac3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182066$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bolton, N F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromar, N J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallsworth, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fallowfield, H J</creatorcontrib><title>A review of the factors affecting sunlight inactivation of micro-organisms in waste stabilisation ponds: preliminary results for enterococci</title><title>Water science and technology</title><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><description>Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are efficient, cost-effective methods of treating wastewater in rural and remote communities in Australia. It is recognised that sunlight plays a significant role in their disinfection, however, due to the poor penetration of light in turbid waters it has been hypothesised that other mechanisms may also contribute to disinfection in WSPs. To date, studies have reported various and conflicting results with regards to the relative contributions of UVA, UVB, PAR and environmental factors including pH, DO and photo-sensitisers on micro-organism disinfection. Initially we investigated the role of these environmental factors on the solar disinfection of enterococci in buffered distilled water to control for potential confounding factors within the wastewater. Die-off rate constants were measured, in sterile buffered distilled water at varying pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations, for enterococci irradiated with UVA and UVB. Enterococci were found to be predominantly inactivated by UVB (p<0.001), however, UVA was also observed to increase inactivation rates relative to the dark control (p<0.001). DO and pH were found to have no effect on inactivation rate when enterococci were irradiated with UVB (p>0.05), however, when irradiated with UVA, both DO and pH were observed to further increase inactivation rates (p<0.01).</description><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Buffers</subject><subject>Constants</subject><subject>Deactivation</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Enterococcus - metabolism</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Humic Substances</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Inactivation</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Nephelometry and Turbidimetry</subject><subject>Organisms</subject><subject>Oxygen - chemistry</subject><subject>Oxygen - metabolism</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Ponds</subject><subject>Rate constants</subject><subject>Rural communities</subject><subject>Stabilization ponds</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Pollutants - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water Purification - methods</subject><issn>0273-1223</issn><issn>1996-9732</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkT1vFDEQhi0EIpdAR40sUdCwwR-73jVdFEFAikQDtWX7xhdHu_bh8ebEf8iPxqcLFFQjax69M-OHkDecXQqu1McD1kvB2ksP0zOy4VqrTo9SPCcbJkbZcSHkGTlHvGeMjbJnL8lZ4yfBlNqQxyta4CHCgeZA6x3QYH3NBakNAXyNaUdxTXPc3VUaU-vFB1tjTkd8ib7kLpedTREXbH16sFiBYrUuzhFP5D6nLX6i-wJzXFpG-d1G4jpXpCEXCqlCyT57H1-RF8HOCK-f6gX5-eXzj-uv3e33m2_XV7edl9NUu8GJXgWt9STACuaU1FLCpKWAIJQDy7kLQ9DcQVB-K_ygBhDOKidgy62XF-T9KXdf8q8VsJolood5tgnyimaUbQ4fe97Id_-R93ktqS1nuO4b1Q_T0KgPJ6r9B2KBYPYlLu1Qw5k5SjJNkjlKMk1Sw98-ha5uge0_-K8V-QcO95EJ</recordid><startdate>20100101</startdate><enddate>20100101</enddate><creator>Bolton, N F</creator><creator>Cromar, N J</creator><creator>Hallsworth, P</creator><creator>Fallowfield, H J</creator><general>IWA Publishing</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100101</creationdate><title>A review of the factors affecting sunlight inactivation of micro-organisms in waste stabilisation ponds: preliminary results for enterococci</title><author>Bolton, N F ; Cromar, N J ; Hallsworth, P ; Fallowfield, H J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c388t-5b246f99982ea20b63933e8932ef26bea11bf5f91bef6cd2c565e2ba6b2ed1ac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Buffers</topic><topic>Constants</topic><topic>Deactivation</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Dissolved oxygen</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Enterococcus - metabolism</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Humic Substances</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Inactivation</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Nephelometry and Turbidimetry</topic><topic>Organisms</topic><topic>Oxygen - chemistry</topic><topic>Oxygen - metabolism</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Ponds</topic><topic>Rate constants</topic><topic>Rural communities</topic><topic>Stabilization ponds</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water Pollutants - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Water Purification - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bolton, N F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromar, N J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallsworth, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fallowfield, H J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bolton, N F</au><au>Cromar, N J</au><au>Hallsworth, P</au><au>Fallowfield, H J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A review of the factors affecting sunlight inactivation of micro-organisms in waste stabilisation ponds: preliminary results for enterococci</atitle><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><date>2010-01-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>885</spage><epage>890</epage><pages>885-890</pages><issn>0273-1223</issn><eissn>1996-9732</eissn><abstract>Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are efficient, cost-effective methods of treating wastewater in rural and remote communities in Australia. It is recognised that sunlight plays a significant role in their disinfection, however, due to the poor penetration of light in turbid waters it has been hypothesised that other mechanisms may also contribute to disinfection in WSPs. To date, studies have reported various and conflicting results with regards to the relative contributions of UVA, UVB, PAR and environmental factors including pH, DO and photo-sensitisers on micro-organism disinfection. Initially we investigated the role of these environmental factors on the solar disinfection of enterococci in buffered distilled water to control for potential confounding factors within the wastewater. Die-off rate constants were measured, in sterile buffered distilled water at varying pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations, for enterococci irradiated with UVA and UVB. Enterococci were found to be predominantly inactivated by UVB (p<0.001), however, UVA was also observed to increase inactivation rates relative to the dark control (p<0.001). DO and pH were found to have no effect on inactivation rate when enterococci were irradiated with UVB (p>0.05), however, when irradiated with UVA, both DO and pH were observed to further increase inactivation rates (p<0.01).</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>IWA Publishing</pub><pmid>20182066</pmid><doi>10.2166/wst.2010.958</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0273-1223 |
| ispartof | Water science and technology, 2010-01, Vol.61 (4), p.885-890 |
| issn | 0273-1223 1996-9732 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Bacteria Buffers Constants Deactivation Disinfection Dissolved oxygen Distilled water Effluents Enterococcus - metabolism Environmental factors Humic Substances Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Inactivation Light Nephelometry and Turbidimetry Organisms Oxygen - chemistry Oxygen - metabolism Pathogens pH effects Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology Ponds Rate constants Rural communities Stabilization ponds Sunlight Ultraviolet Rays Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Wastewater Wastewater treatment Water - chemistry Water Microbiology Water Pollutants - isolation & purification Water Purification - methods |
| title | A review of the factors affecting sunlight inactivation of micro-organisms in waste stabilisation ponds: preliminary results for enterococci |
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