Clinical trial: benefits and risks of immunomodulators and maintenance infliximab for IBD‐subgroup analyses across four randomized trials

Summary Background Benefits and risks of concomitant immunomodulators and maintenance infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have not been adequately evaluated. Aim To assess the effect of concomitant immunomodulator and infliximab maintenance therapy using data from four prospective, randomized Phase 3 trials in IBD patients. Methods Overall, 1383 patients from ACCENT I and ACCENT II [luminal and fistulizing Crohn’s disease trials] and ACT 1 and ACT 2 [ulcerative colitis trials] were analysed. Patients were treated with placebo or infliximab 5 or 10 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2 and 6 followed by every‐8‐week maintenance therapy. Clinical response, clinical remission, fistula response, complete fistula response, infection and infusion reaction rates; serum infliximab concentrations and immunogenicity were summarized by baseline concomitant immunomodulator subgroup (use or non‐use). Results Overall, almost 40% of evaluated IBD patients received concomitant immunomodulators. Efficacy, infection, and serious infection rates were generally similar in patients who received maintenance therapy with or without concomitant immunomodulators. There were no consistent differences in serum infliximab concentrations with or without immunomodulators in patients who received scheduled maintenance therapy. Concomitant immunomodulators reduced infusion reactions and immunogenicity. Conclusion Concomitant immunomodulators did not improve efficacy or pharmacokinetics in IBD patients who received maintenance infliximab.