Qualitative and quantitative analyses of gibberellins in vegetative shoots of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings of Zea mays L
Gibberellins A12 ($\text{GA}_{12}$), $\text{GA}_{53}$, $\text{GA}_{44}$, $\text{GA}_{19}$, $\text{GA}_{17}$, $\text{GA}_{20}$, $\text{GA}_{29}$, $\text{GA}_{1}$, and $\text{GA}_{8}$ have been identified from extracts of vegetative shoots of normal (wild type) maize using full scan capillary gas chro...
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creator | Fujioka, S Yamane, H Spray, C.R Gaskin, P MacMillan, J Phinney, B.O Takahashi, N |
description | Gibberellins A12 ($\text{GA}_{12}$), $\text{GA}_{53}$, $\text{GA}_{44}$, $\text{GA}_{19}$, $\text{GA}_{17}$, $\text{GA}_{20}$, $\text{GA}_{29}$, $\text{GA}_{1}$, and $\text{GA}_{8}$ have been identified from extracts of vegetative shoots of normal (wild type) maize using full scan capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices. Seven of these gibberellins (GAs) have been quantified by capillary gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using internal standards of $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{53}$, $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{44}$, $[{}^{2}\text{H}{}_{2}]\text{GA}_{19}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{20}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{29}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{1}$, and $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{8}$. Quantitative data from extracts of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings support the operation of the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in vegetative shoots of Zea mays. These data support the positions in the pathway blocked by the mutants, previously assigned by bioassay data and metabolic studies. The GA levels in dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 were equal to, or less than, 2.0 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight, showing that these mutants are blocked for steps early in the pathway. In dwarf-1, the level of $\text{GA}_{1}$ was very low (0.23 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight) and less than 2% of that in normal shoots, while $\text{GA}_{20}$ and $\text{GA}_{29}$ accumulated to levels over 10 times those in normals; these results confirm that the dwarf-1 mutant blocks the conversion of $\text{GA}_{20}$ to $\text{GA}_{1}$. Since the level of GAs beyond the blocked step for each mutant is greater than zero, each mutated gene probably codes for an altered gene product, thus leading to impaired enzyme activities. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1104/pp.88.4.1367 |
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Seven of these gibberellins (GAs) have been quantified by capillary gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using internal standards of $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{53}$, $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{44}$, $[{}^{2}\text{H}{}_{2}]\text{GA}_{19}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{20}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{29}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{1}$, and $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{8}$. Quantitative data from extracts of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings support the operation of the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in vegetative shoots of Zea mays. These data support the positions in the pathway blocked by the mutants, previously assigned by bioassay data and metabolic studies. The GA levels in dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 were equal to, or less than, 2.0 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight, showing that these mutants are blocked for steps early in the pathway. In dwarf-1, the level of $\text{GA}_{1}$ was very low (0.23 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight) and less than 2% of that in normal shoots, while $\text{GA}_{20}$ and $\text{GA}_{29}$ accumulated to levels over 10 times those in normals; these results confirm that the dwarf-1 mutant blocks the conversion of $\text{GA}_{20}$ to $\text{GA}_{1}$. Since the level of GAs beyond the blocked step for each mutant is greater than zero, each mutated gene probably codes for an altered gene product, thus leading to impaired enzyme activities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0889</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1104/pp.88.4.1367</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16666468</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PPHYA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Physiologists</publisher><subject>ACIDO GIBERELICO ; ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA ; ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE ; Atoms ; Bioassay ; BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS ; Biological and medical sciences ; CODE GENETIQUE ; CODIGO GENETICO ; Corn ; DWARFS ; ENANO ; ENZYMIC ACTIVITY ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gels ; GENETIC CODE ; GIBBERELLINE ; Gibberellins ; Growth regulators ; hydroxylation pathways ; Metabolism ; MUTANT ; MUTANTES ; MUTANTS ; NAIN ; Plant physiology and development ; Plants ; Room temperature ; Seedlings ; Solvents ; STEMS ; TALLO ; TIGE ; VARIEDADES ; VARIETE ; VARIETIES ; VIA BIOQUIMICA DEL METABOLISMO ; VOIE BIOCHIMIQUE DU METABOLISME ; ZEA MAYS</subject><ispartof>Plant physiology (Bethesda), 1988-12, Vol.88 (4), p.1367-1372</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1988 The American Society of Plant Physiologists</rights><rights>1990 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-bdbeb01d371459efd4bca8f32500228e00fbbc776322fc71e65b72580cb0e1a73</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4271761$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4271761$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=6601377$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16666468$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fujioka, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamane, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spray, C.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaskin, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMillan, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phinney, B.O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, N</creatorcontrib><title>Qualitative and quantitative analyses of gibberellins in vegetative shoots of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings of Zea mays L</title><title>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</title><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><description>Gibberellins A12 ($\text{GA}_{12}$), $\text{GA}_{53}$, $\text{GA}_{44}$, $\text{GA}_{19}$, $\text{GA}_{17}$, $\text{GA}_{20}$, $\text{GA}_{29}$, $\text{GA}_{1}$, and $\text{GA}_{8}$ have been identified from extracts of vegetative shoots of normal (wild type) maize using full scan capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices. Seven of these gibberellins (GAs) have been quantified by capillary gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using internal standards of $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{53}$, $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{44}$, $[{}^{2}\text{H}{}_{2}]\text{GA}_{19}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{20}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{29}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{1}$, and $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{8}$. Quantitative data from extracts of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings support the operation of the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in vegetative shoots of Zea mays. These data support the positions in the pathway blocked by the mutants, previously assigned by bioassay data and metabolic studies. The GA levels in dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 were equal to, or less than, 2.0 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight, showing that these mutants are blocked for steps early in the pathway. In dwarf-1, the level of $\text{GA}_{1}$ was very low (0.23 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight) and less than 2% of that in normal shoots, while $\text{GA}_{20}$ and $\text{GA}_{29}$ accumulated to levels over 10 times those in normals; these results confirm that the dwarf-1 mutant blocks the conversion of $\text{GA}_{20}$ to $\text{GA}_{1}$. Since the level of GAs beyond the blocked step for each mutant is greater than zero, each mutated gene probably codes for an altered gene product, thus leading to impaired enzyme activities.</description><subject>ACIDO GIBERELICO</subject><subject>ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA</subject><subject>ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE</subject><subject>Atoms</subject><subject>Bioassay</subject><subject>BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CODE GENETIQUE</subject><subject>CODIGO GENETICO</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>DWARFS</subject><subject>ENANO</subject><subject>ENZYMIC ACTIVITY</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>GENETIC CODE</subject><subject>GIBBERELLINE</subject><subject>Gibberellins</subject><subject>Growth regulators</subject><subject>hydroxylation pathways</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>MUTANT</subject><subject>MUTANTES</subject><subject>MUTANTS</subject><subject>NAIN</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>STEMS</subject><subject>TALLO</subject><subject>TIGE</subject><subject>VARIEDADES</subject><subject>VARIETE</subject><subject>VARIETIES</subject><subject>VIA BIOQUIMICA DEL METABOLISMO</subject><subject>VOIE BIOCHIMIQUE DU METABOLISME</subject><subject>ZEA MAYS</subject><issn>0032-0889</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1988</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkUtv1DAUhS0EokNhxwoh5AUSm8ngV2LPsqpoQRoJIeiGjXWdXA-p8qqdFM3_4AfjmaStNz72_e6xfA8hbznbcM7U52HYGLNRGy4L_YyseC5FJnJlnpMVY0kzY7Zn5FWMt4wxLrl6Sc54kZYqzIr8-zFBU48w1vdIoavo3QTd-HQBzSFipL2n-9o5DNg0dRdp3dF73OOCxT99P56grg8tNGta_YXgM_4gxIOQ69Mj8yGnEbFKfvtT728E2sIh0t1r8sJDE_HNsp-Tm6svvy6_Zrvv198uL3ZZKQs5Zq5y6BivpOYq36KvlCvBeClyxoQwyJh3rtS6kEL4UnMscqdFbljpGHLQ8px8mn2H0N9NGEfb1rFMX4QO-ylaLaXaSqNYItczWYY-xoDeDqFuIRwsZ_YYgx0Ga4xV9hhDwj8sxpNrsXqCl7kn4OMCQCyh8QG6so6PXFGkpPTR5_2M3caxD49lJTTXBU_ld3PZQ29hH5LDzU-zZWkcWv4HR7-h7w</recordid><startdate>19881201</startdate><enddate>19881201</enddate><creator>Fujioka, S</creator><creator>Yamane, H</creator><creator>Spray, C.R</creator><creator>Gaskin, P</creator><creator>MacMillan, J</creator><creator>Phinney, B.O</creator><creator>Takahashi, N</creator><general>American Society of Plant Physiologists</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19881201</creationdate><title>Qualitative and quantitative analyses of gibberellins in vegetative shoots of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings of Zea mays L</title><author>Fujioka, S ; Yamane, H ; Spray, C.R ; Gaskin, P ; MacMillan, J ; Phinney, B.O ; Takahashi, N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-bdbeb01d371459efd4bca8f32500228e00fbbc776322fc71e65b72580cb0e1a73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1988</creationdate><topic>ACIDO GIBERELICO</topic><topic>ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA</topic><topic>ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE</topic><topic>Atoms</topic><topic>Bioassay</topic><topic>BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CODE GENETIQUE</topic><topic>CODIGO GENETICO</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>DWARFS</topic><topic>ENANO</topic><topic>ENZYMIC ACTIVITY</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>GENETIC CODE</topic><topic>GIBBERELLINE</topic><topic>Gibberellins</topic><topic>Growth regulators</topic><topic>hydroxylation pathways</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>MUTANT</topic><topic>MUTANTES</topic><topic>MUTANTS</topic><topic>NAIN</topic><topic>Plant physiology and development</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Room temperature</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>STEMS</topic><topic>TALLO</topic><topic>TIGE</topic><topic>VARIEDADES</topic><topic>VARIETE</topic><topic>VARIETIES</topic><topic>VIA BIOQUIMICA DEL METABOLISMO</topic><topic>VOIE BIOCHIMIQUE DU METABOLISME</topic><topic>ZEA MAYS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fujioka, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamane, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spray, C.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaskin, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMillan, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phinney, B.O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, N</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fujioka, S</au><au>Yamane, H</au><au>Spray, C.R</au><au>Gaskin, P</au><au>MacMillan, J</au><au>Phinney, B.O</au><au>Takahashi, N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Qualitative and quantitative analyses of gibberellins in vegetative shoots of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings of Zea mays L</atitle><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><date>1988-12-01</date><risdate>1988</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1367</spage><epage>1372</epage><pages>1367-1372</pages><issn>0032-0889</issn><eissn>1532-2548</eissn><coden>PPHYA5</coden><abstract>Gibberellins A12 ($\text{GA}_{12}$), $\text{GA}_{53}$, $\text{GA}_{44}$, $\text{GA}_{19}$, $\text{GA}_{17}$, $\text{GA}_{20}$, $\text{GA}_{29}$, $\text{GA}_{1}$, and $\text{GA}_{8}$ have been identified from extracts of vegetative shoots of normal (wild type) maize using full scan capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices. Seven of these gibberellins (GAs) have been quantified by capillary gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using internal standards of $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{53}$, $[{}^{14}\text{C}{}_{4}]\text{GA}_{44}$, $[{}^{2}\text{H}{}_{2}]\text{GA}_{19}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{20}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{29}$, $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{1}$, and $[{}^{13}\text{C}{}_{1}]\text{GA}_{8}$. Quantitative data from extracts of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings support the operation of the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in vegetative shoots of Zea mays. These data support the positions in the pathway blocked by the mutants, previously assigned by bioassay data and metabolic studies. The GA levels in dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 were equal to, or less than, 2.0 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight, showing that these mutants are blocked for steps early in the pathway. In dwarf-1, the level of $\text{GA}_{1}$ was very low (0.23 nanograms per 100 grams fresh weight) and less than 2% of that in normal shoots, while $\text{GA}_{20}$ and $\text{GA}_{29}$ accumulated to levels over 10 times those in normals; these results confirm that the dwarf-1 mutant blocks the conversion of $\text{GA}_{20}$ to $\text{GA}_{1}$. Since the level of GAs beyond the blocked step for each mutant is greater than zero, each mutated gene probably codes for an altered gene product, thus leading to impaired enzyme activities.</abstract><cop>Rockville, MD</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Physiologists</pub><pmid>16666468</pmid><doi>10.1104/pp.88.4.1367</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | ACIDO GIBERELICO ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE Atoms Bioassay BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS Biological and medical sciences CODE GENETIQUE CODIGO GENETICO Corn DWARFS ENANO ENZYMIC ACTIVITY Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gels GENETIC CODE GIBBERELLINE Gibberellins Growth regulators hydroxylation pathways Metabolism MUTANT MUTANTES MUTANTS NAIN Plant physiology and development Plants Room temperature Seedlings Solvents STEMS TALLO TIGE VARIEDADES VARIETE VARIETIES VIA BIOQUIMICA DEL METABOLISMO VOIE BIOCHIMIQUE DU METABOLISME ZEA MAYS |
title | Qualitative and quantitative analyses of gibberellins in vegetative shoots of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings of Zea mays L |
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