Cause-specific mortality in British coal workers and exposure to respirable dust and quartz
ObjectivesIn the 1950s the Pneumoconiosis Field Research (PFR) programme was set up to study the health of British coal workers. Studies included regular health surveys, an intensive characterisation of workers' individual exposures, and entry to a cohort followed up to the present for cause-sp...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England) England), 2010-04, Vol.67 (4), p.270-276 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 276 |
---|---|
container_issue | 4 |
container_start_page | 270 |
container_title | Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England) |
container_volume | 67 |
creator | Miller, Brian G MacCalman, Laura |
description | ObjectivesIn the 1950s the Pneumoconiosis Field Research (PFR) programme was set up to study the health of British coal workers. Studies included regular health surveys, an intensive characterisation of workers' individual exposures, and entry to a cohort followed up to the present for cause-specific mortality. This study reports on analyses of cause-specific mortality in a cohort of almost 18 000 men from 10 British collieries.MethodsExternal analyses used standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), comparing observed mortality with reference rates from the regions in which the collieries were situated. Causes investigated include lung and stomach cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular endpoints. Internal analyses used Cox regression models with time-dependent exposures adjusting for the confounding effects of age, smoking, cohort entry date and regional differences in population mortality rates.ResultsSeveral causes showed evidence of a healthy worker effect early in the follow-up, with a deficit in the SMR diminishing over time. For most of the causes there was a significant excess in the latter part of follow-up.Internal analyses found evidence of an association between increased risks of lung cancer and increased quartz exposure, particularly at a lag of 15 years.Risks of mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease showed increases with increased exposure to respirable dust.ConclusionsThis paper adds to the evidence on the long-term effects of exposure to coalmine dust on mortality from respiratory diseases. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1136/oem.2009.046151 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_733343214</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>733343214</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-e9c666c20c3844aca1e10fcc432c540b7ed50b9afa9eb0b36d3c14b1fbddc03d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0M9rFDEUB_Agiq2rZ28SEBGE2eZNZpKdo64_KpR6qUXqISSZN5jtzGSaZLD1rzfrLBW8CIEE3idfHl9CngNbA3Bx4nFYl4w1a1YJqOEBOYZKskI2pXiY37yGgkmAI_Ikxh1jwCUvH5MjaDb5CH5Mvm_1HLGIE1rXOUsHH5LuXbqjbqTvgksu_qDW657-9OEaQ6R6bCneTj7OAWnyNGCcXNCmR9rOMf2Z38w6pF9PyaNO9xGfHe4V-frxw8X2tDj78unz9u1ZYapSpgIbK4SwJbN8U1XaakBgnbUVL21dMSOxrZlpdKcbNMxw0XILlYHOtK1lvOUr8nrJnYK_mTEmNbhose_1iH6OSnLOcxhUWb78R-78HMa8nAK5Ac7kvqMVOVmUDT7GgJ2aght0uFPA1L52lWtX-9rVUnv-8eKQO5sB27_-0HMGrw5AR6v7LujRunjvyrIum0aw7IrFuZjw9n6uw7USkstanV9u1fvLq6vzC_FNnWb_ZvFm2P13y9_mt6gg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1781307001</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cause-specific mortality in British coal workers and exposure to respirable dust and quartz</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><creator>Miller, Brian G ; MacCalman, Laura</creator><creatorcontrib>Miller, Brian G ; MacCalman, Laura</creatorcontrib><description>ObjectivesIn the 1950s the Pneumoconiosis Field Research (PFR) programme was set up to study the health of British coal workers. Studies included regular health surveys, an intensive characterisation of workers' individual exposures, and entry to a cohort followed up to the present for cause-specific mortality. This study reports on analyses of cause-specific mortality in a cohort of almost 18 000 men from 10 British collieries.MethodsExternal analyses used standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), comparing observed mortality with reference rates from the regions in which the collieries were situated. Causes investigated include lung and stomach cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular endpoints. Internal analyses used Cox regression models with time-dependent exposures adjusting for the confounding effects of age, smoking, cohort entry date and regional differences in population mortality rates.ResultsSeveral causes showed evidence of a healthy worker effect early in the follow-up, with a deficit in the SMR diminishing over time. For most of the causes there was a significant excess in the latter part of follow-up.Internal analyses found evidence of an association between increased risks of lung cancer and increased quartz exposure, particularly at a lag of 15 years.Risks of mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease showed increases with increased exposure to respirable dust.ConclusionsThis paper adds to the evidence on the long-term effects of exposure to coalmine dust on mortality from respiratory diseases.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1351-0711</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1470-7926</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.046151</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19819863</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cause of Death ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; coal dust ; Coal mines ; Coal Mining ; Coal workers ; Dust ; Dust - analysis ; Exposure ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.) ; Lung cancer ; Lung Neoplasms - etiology ; Lung Neoplasms - mortality ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Mortality risk ; mortality studies ; Occupational Diseases - etiology ; Occupational Diseases - mortality ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Particulate Matter - toxicity ; Pneumoconiosis ; Pneumoconiosis - etiology ; Pneumoconiosis - mortality ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality ; Quartz ; Quartz - analysis ; Quartz - toxicity ; Respiratory diseases ; Risk Factors ; silica ; Studies ; Time Factors ; Toxicology ; United Kingdom - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England), 2010-04, Vol.67 (4), p.270-276</ispartof><rights>2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited For permission to use, (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2010 (c) 2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited For permission to use, (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-e9c666c20c3844aca1e10fcc432c540b7ed50b9afa9eb0b36d3c14b1fbddc03d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-e9c666c20c3844aca1e10fcc432c540b7ed50b9afa9eb0b36d3c14b1fbddc03d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://oem.bmj.com/content/67/4/270.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://oem.bmj.com/content/67/4/270.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,314,780,784,3196,23571,27924,27925,77600,77631</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22529960$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19819863$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Miller, Brian G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacCalman, Laura</creatorcontrib><title>Cause-specific mortality in British coal workers and exposure to respirable dust and quartz</title><title>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England)</title><addtitle>Occup Environ Med</addtitle><description>ObjectivesIn the 1950s the Pneumoconiosis Field Research (PFR) programme was set up to study the health of British coal workers. Studies included regular health surveys, an intensive characterisation of workers' individual exposures, and entry to a cohort followed up to the present for cause-specific mortality. This study reports on analyses of cause-specific mortality in a cohort of almost 18 000 men from 10 British collieries.MethodsExternal analyses used standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), comparing observed mortality with reference rates from the regions in which the collieries were situated. Causes investigated include lung and stomach cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular endpoints. Internal analyses used Cox regression models with time-dependent exposures adjusting for the confounding effects of age, smoking, cohort entry date and regional differences in population mortality rates.ResultsSeveral causes showed evidence of a healthy worker effect early in the follow-up, with a deficit in the SMR diminishing over time. For most of the causes there was a significant excess in the latter part of follow-up.Internal analyses found evidence of an association between increased risks of lung cancer and increased quartz exposure, particularly at a lag of 15 years.Risks of mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease showed increases with increased exposure to respirable dust.ConclusionsThis paper adds to the evidence on the long-term effects of exposure to coalmine dust on mortality from respiratory diseases.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>coal dust</subject><subject>Coal mines</subject><subject>Coal Mining</subject><subject>Coal workers</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Dust - analysis</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.)</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - etiology</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mortality risk</subject><subject>mortality studies</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - toxicity</subject><subject>Pneumoconiosis</subject><subject>Pneumoconiosis - etiology</subject><subject>Pneumoconiosis - mortality</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality</subject><subject>Quartz</subject><subject>Quartz - analysis</subject><subject>Quartz - toxicity</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>silica</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1351-0711</issn><issn>1470-7926</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0M9rFDEUB_Agiq2rZ28SEBGE2eZNZpKdo64_KpR6qUXqISSZN5jtzGSaZLD1rzfrLBW8CIEE3idfHl9CngNbA3Bx4nFYl4w1a1YJqOEBOYZKskI2pXiY37yGgkmAI_Ikxh1jwCUvH5MjaDb5CH5Mvm_1HLGIE1rXOUsHH5LuXbqjbqTvgksu_qDW657-9OEaQ6R6bCneTj7OAWnyNGCcXNCmR9rOMf2Z38w6pF9PyaNO9xGfHe4V-frxw8X2tDj78unz9u1ZYapSpgIbK4SwJbN8U1XaakBgnbUVL21dMSOxrZlpdKcbNMxw0XILlYHOtK1lvOUr8nrJnYK_mTEmNbhose_1iH6OSnLOcxhUWb78R-78HMa8nAK5Ac7kvqMVOVmUDT7GgJ2aght0uFPA1L52lWtX-9rVUnv-8eKQO5sB27_-0HMGrw5AR6v7LujRunjvyrIum0aw7IrFuZjw9n6uw7USkstanV9u1fvLq6vzC_FNnWb_ZvFm2P13y9_mt6gg</recordid><startdate>20100401</startdate><enddate>20100401</enddate><creator>Miller, Brian G</creator><creator>MacCalman, Laura</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100401</creationdate><title>Cause-specific mortality in British coal workers and exposure to respirable dust and quartz</title><author>Miller, Brian G ; MacCalman, Laura</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-e9c666c20c3844aca1e10fcc432c540b7ed50b9afa9eb0b36d3c14b1fbddc03d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>coal dust</topic><topic>Coal mines</topic><topic>Coal Mining</topic><topic>Coal workers</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Dust - analysis</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.)</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - etiology</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mortality risk</topic><topic>mortality studies</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - toxicity</topic><topic>Pneumoconiosis</topic><topic>Pneumoconiosis - etiology</topic><topic>Pneumoconiosis - mortality</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality</topic><topic>Quartz</topic><topic>Quartz - analysis</topic><topic>Quartz - toxicity</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>silica</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>United Kingdom - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Miller, Brian G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacCalman, Laura</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Miller, Brian G</au><au>MacCalman, Laura</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cause-specific mortality in British coal workers and exposure to respirable dust and quartz</atitle><jtitle>Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Occup Environ Med</addtitle><date>2010-04-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>67</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>270</spage><epage>276</epage><pages>270-276</pages><issn>1351-0711</issn><eissn>1470-7926</eissn><abstract>ObjectivesIn the 1950s the Pneumoconiosis Field Research (PFR) programme was set up to study the health of British coal workers. Studies included regular health surveys, an intensive characterisation of workers' individual exposures, and entry to a cohort followed up to the present for cause-specific mortality. This study reports on analyses of cause-specific mortality in a cohort of almost 18 000 men from 10 British collieries.MethodsExternal analyses used standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), comparing observed mortality with reference rates from the regions in which the collieries were situated. Causes investigated include lung and stomach cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular endpoints. Internal analyses used Cox regression models with time-dependent exposures adjusting for the confounding effects of age, smoking, cohort entry date and regional differences in population mortality rates.ResultsSeveral causes showed evidence of a healthy worker effect early in the follow-up, with a deficit in the SMR diminishing over time. For most of the causes there was a significant excess in the latter part of follow-up.Internal analyses found evidence of an association between increased risks of lung cancer and increased quartz exposure, particularly at a lag of 15 years.Risks of mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease showed increases with increased exposure to respirable dust.ConclusionsThis paper adds to the evidence on the long-term effects of exposure to coalmine dust on mortality from respiratory diseases.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>19819863</pmid><doi>10.1136/oem.2009.046151</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1351-0711 |
ispartof | Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England), 2010-04, Vol.67 (4), p.270-276 |
issn | 1351-0711 1470-7926 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_733343214 |
source | MEDLINE; BMJ Journals - NESLi2; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Cause of Death Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease coal dust Coal mines Coal Mining Coal workers Dust Dust - analysis Exposure Health risk assessment Humans Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.) Lung cancer Lung Neoplasms - etiology Lung Neoplasms - mortality Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mortality Mortality risk mortality studies Occupational Diseases - etiology Occupational Diseases - mortality Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Particulate Matter - toxicity Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis - etiology Pneumoconiosis - mortality Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality Quartz Quartz - analysis Quartz - toxicity Respiratory diseases Risk Factors silica Studies Time Factors Toxicology United Kingdom - epidemiology Young Adult |
title | Cause-specific mortality in British coal workers and exposure to respirable dust and quartz |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-04T13%3A35%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cause-specific%20mortality%20in%20British%20coal%20workers%20and%20exposure%20to%20respirable%20dust%20and%20quartz&rft.jtitle=Occupational%20and%20environmental%20medicine%20(London,%20England)&rft.au=Miller,%20Brian%20G&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=270&rft.epage=276&rft.pages=270-276&rft.issn=1351-0711&rft.eissn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136/oem.2009.046151&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E733343214%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1781307001&rft_id=info:pmid/19819863&rfr_iscdi=true |