efficacy of biocides and other chemical additives in cooling water systems in the control of amoebae
In vitro experiments were undertaken to evaluate biocide formulations commonly used in cooling water systems against protozoa previously isolated from cooling towers. The investigations evaluated the efficacy of these formulations against amoebic cysts and trophozoites. Laboratory challenges against...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied microbiology 2009-03, Vol.106 (3), p.784-789 |
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| creator | Critchley, M Bentham, R |
| description | In vitro experiments were undertaken to evaluate biocide formulations commonly used in cooling water systems against protozoa previously isolated from cooling towers. The investigations evaluated the efficacy of these formulations against amoebic cysts and trophozoites. Laboratory challenges against protozoa isolated from cooling towers using chlorine, bromine and isothiazolinone biocides showed that all were effective after 4 h. The presence of molybdate and organic phosphates resulted in longer kill times for bromine and isothiazolinones. All treatments resulted in no detectable viable protozoa after 4 h of exposure. The chemical disinfection of planktonic protozoa in cooling water systems is strongly influenced by the residence time of the formulation and less so by its active constituent. Bromine and isothiazolinone formulations may require higher dosage of concentrations than currently practiced if used in conjunction with molybdate- and phosphate-based scale/corrosion inhibitors. Cooling water systems are complex microbial ecosystems in which predator-prey relationships play a key role in the dissemination of Legionella. This study demonstrated that at recommended dosing concentrations, biocides had species-specific effects on environmental isolates of amoebae that may act as reservoirs for Legionella multiplication in cooling water systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04044.x |
| format | Article |
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The investigations evaluated the efficacy of these formulations against amoebic cysts and trophozoites. Laboratory challenges against protozoa isolated from cooling towers using chlorine, bromine and isothiazolinone biocides showed that all were effective after 4 h. The presence of molybdate and organic phosphates resulted in longer kill times for bromine and isothiazolinones. All treatments resulted in no detectable viable protozoa after 4 h of exposure. The chemical disinfection of planktonic protozoa in cooling water systems is strongly influenced by the residence time of the formulation and less so by its active constituent. Bromine and isothiazolinone formulations may require higher dosage of concentrations than currently practiced if used in conjunction with molybdate- and phosphate-based scale/corrosion inhibitors. Cooling water systems are complex microbial ecosystems in which predator-prey relationships play a key role in the dissemination of Legionella. This study demonstrated that at recommended dosing concentrations, biocides had species-specific effects on environmental isolates of amoebae that may act as reservoirs for Legionella multiplication in cooling water systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1364-5072</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2672</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04044.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19187130</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Air Conditioning ; Amoeba - drug effects ; Amoeba - growth & development ; amoebae ; Animals ; biocides ; Biofilms - drug effects ; Biofilms - growth & development ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bromine - pharmacology ; Chlorine - pharmacology ; cooling water systems ; Disinfectants - pharmacology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Legionella ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbiology ; Temperature ; Thiazoles - pharmacology ; Trophozoites - drug effects ; Water ; Water Microbiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied microbiology, 2009-03, Vol.106 (3), p.784-789</ispartof><rights>2009 The Authors. 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The investigations evaluated the efficacy of these formulations against amoebic cysts and trophozoites. Laboratory challenges against protozoa isolated from cooling towers using chlorine, bromine and isothiazolinone biocides showed that all were effective after 4 h. The presence of molybdate and organic phosphates resulted in longer kill times for bromine and isothiazolinones. All treatments resulted in no detectable viable protozoa after 4 h of exposure. The chemical disinfection of planktonic protozoa in cooling water systems is strongly influenced by the residence time of the formulation and less so by its active constituent. Bromine and isothiazolinone formulations may require higher dosage of concentrations than currently practiced if used in conjunction with molybdate- and phosphate-based scale/corrosion inhibitors. Cooling water systems are complex microbial ecosystems in which predator-prey relationships play a key role in the dissemination of Legionella. This study demonstrated that at recommended dosing concentrations, biocides had species-specific effects on environmental isolates of amoebae that may act as reservoirs for Legionella multiplication in cooling water systems.</description><subject>Air Conditioning</subject><subject>Amoeba - drug effects</subject><subject>Amoeba - growth & development</subject><subject>amoebae</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>biocides</subject><subject>Biofilms - drug effects</subject><subject>Biofilms - growth & development</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bromine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chlorine - pharmacology</subject><subject>cooling water systems</subject><subject>Disinfectants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Legionella</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thiazoles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Trophozoites - drug effects</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><issn>1364-5072</issn><issn>1365-2672</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhi0Eou3CX4BcoKcN_oqdHDhUFZ8q4gA9WxN73HqVxMXO0u6_x9ldlRvCF4_1Pu_MaMaEVIzWrJx3m5oJ1ay50rzmlLY1lVTK-uEJOX0Unu5juW6o5ifkLOcNpUzQRj0nJ6xjrS6PU-LQ-2DB7qroqz5EGxzmCiZXxfkWU2VvcSz6UIFzYQ6_iximysY4hOmmuoe5MHmXZxz3QvEUcZpTHJaEMEbsAV-QZx6GjC-P94pcf_zw8_Lz-ur7py-XF1drKxtROoWOS9UCR-YQQXEJSDUoS3sBXvVOeKWlYtIDt1qzDsF3irbKYu8ctGJFzg9571L8tcU8mzFki8MAE8ZtNloIUSpwVci3_yQ51aLVDS1gewBtijkn9OYuhRHSzjBqll2YjVlGbpaRm2UXZr8L81Csr441tv2I7q_xOPwCvDkCkMuIfYLJhvzIccZkI0sjK_L-wN2HAXf_3YD5evFtiYr_9cHvIRq4SaXG9Q--fAbWdLzhUvwBIymugw</recordid><startdate>200903</startdate><enddate>200903</enddate><creator>Critchley, M</creator><creator>Bentham, R</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200903</creationdate><title>efficacy of biocides and other chemical additives in cooling water systems in the control of amoebae</title><author>Critchley, M ; Bentham, R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4534-5a92468a2e1deea624ae07a6c0b3af6bd3f674614fa2c7719eaf96086cebdda83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Air Conditioning</topic><topic>Amoeba - drug effects</topic><topic>Amoeba - growth & development</topic><topic>amoebae</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>biocides</topic><topic>Biofilms - drug effects</topic><topic>Biofilms - growth & development</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bromine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chlorine - pharmacology</topic><topic>cooling water systems</topic><topic>Disinfectants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Legionella</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Thiazoles - pharmacology</topic><topic>Trophozoites - drug effects</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Critchley, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bentham, R</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Critchley, M</au><au>Bentham, R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>efficacy of biocides and other chemical additives in cooling water systems in the control of amoebae</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Microbiol</addtitle><date>2009-03</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>106</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>784</spage><epage>789</epage><pages>784-789</pages><issn>1364-5072</issn><eissn>1365-2672</eissn><abstract>In vitro experiments were undertaken to evaluate biocide formulations commonly used in cooling water systems against protozoa previously isolated from cooling towers. The investigations evaluated the efficacy of these formulations against amoebic cysts and trophozoites. Laboratory challenges against protozoa isolated from cooling towers using chlorine, bromine and isothiazolinone biocides showed that all were effective after 4 h. The presence of molybdate and organic phosphates resulted in longer kill times for bromine and isothiazolinones. All treatments resulted in no detectable viable protozoa after 4 h of exposure. The chemical disinfection of planktonic protozoa in cooling water systems is strongly influenced by the residence time of the formulation and less so by its active constituent. Bromine and isothiazolinone formulations may require higher dosage of concentrations than currently practiced if used in conjunction with molybdate- and phosphate-based scale/corrosion inhibitors. Cooling water systems are complex microbial ecosystems in which predator-prey relationships play a key role in the dissemination of Legionella. This study demonstrated that at recommended dosing concentrations, biocides had species-specific effects on environmental isolates of amoebae that may act as reservoirs for Legionella multiplication in cooling water systems.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>19187130</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04044.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Air Conditioning Amoeba - drug effects Amoeba - growth & development amoebae Animals biocides Biofilms - drug effects Biofilms - growth & development Biological and medical sciences Bromine - pharmacology Chlorine - pharmacology cooling water systems Disinfectants - pharmacology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Legionella Microbial Sensitivity Tests Microbiology Temperature Thiazoles - pharmacology Trophozoites - drug effects Water Water Microbiology |
| title | efficacy of biocides and other chemical additives in cooling water systems in the control of amoebae |
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