Low vs. Higher-Dose Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular High-Risk Patients
Background Dark chocolate may have blood pressure-lowering properties. We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point design trial to study a potential dose dependency of the presumed antihypertensive effect of dark chocolate by directly comparing low vs. higher doses of dark cho...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of hypertension 2010-06, Vol.23 (6), p.694-700 |
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| container_title | American journal of hypertension |
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| creator | Desch, Steffen Kobler, Daniela Schmidt, Johanna Sonnabend, Melanie Adams, Volker Sareban, Mahdi Eitel, Ingo Blüher, Matthias Schuler, Gerhard Thiele, Holger |
| description | Background Dark chocolate may have blood pressure-lowering properties. We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point design trial to study a potential dose dependency of the presumed antihypertensive effect of dark chocolate by directly comparing low vs. higher doses of dark chocolate over the course of 3 months. Methods We enrolled a total of 102 patients with prehypertension/stage 1 hypertension and established cardiovascular end-organ damage or diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 or 25g/day of flavanol-rich dark chocolate for 3 months. The difference in 24-h mean blood pressure between groups was defined as the primary outcome measure. Results Significant reductions in mean ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were observed between baseline and follow-up in both groups (6g/day: −2.3mmHg, 95% confidence interval −4.1 to −0.4; 25g/day: −1.9mmHg, 95% confidence interval −3.6 to −0.2). There were no significant differences in blood pressure changes between groups. In the higher-dose group, a slight increase in body weight was noted (0.8kg, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 1.6). Conclusions The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dark chocolate may be associated with a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, due to the lack of a control group, confounding may be possible and the results should be interpreted with caution. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ajh.2010.29 |
| format | Article |
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We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point design trial to study a potential dose dependency of the presumed antihypertensive effect of dark chocolate by directly comparing low vs. higher doses of dark chocolate over the course of 3 months. Methods We enrolled a total of 102 patients with prehypertension/stage 1 hypertension and established cardiovascular end-organ damage or diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 or 25g/day of flavanol-rich dark chocolate for 3 months. The difference in 24-h mean blood pressure between groups was defined as the primary outcome measure. Results Significant reductions in mean ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were observed between baseline and follow-up in both groups (6g/day: −2.3mmHg, 95% confidence interval −4.1 to −0.4; 25g/day: −1.9mmHg, 95% confidence interval −3.6 to −0.2). There were no significant differences in blood pressure changes between groups. In the higher-dose group, a slight increase in body weight was noted (0.8kg, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 1.6). Conclusions The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dark chocolate may be associated with a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, due to the lack of a control group, confounding may be possible and the results should be interpreted with caution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0895-7061</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-7225</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1905</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.29</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20203627</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJHYE6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basingstoke: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood and lymphatic vessels ; blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - drug effects ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cacao ; Candy ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology ; cocoa ; dark chocolate ; Diabetes Complications - physiopathology ; Female ; flavanols ; Humans ; hypertension ; Hypertension - complications ; Hypertension - drug therapy ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Risk</subject><ispartof>American journal of hypertension, 2010-06, Vol.23 (6), p.694-700</ispartof><rights>American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. © 2010 by the American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. 2010</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jun 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c542t-42668b5a1534e43571f045124348e3fa7aed30b9bad8957a928d42d81a100193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c542t-42668b5a1534e43571f045124348e3fa7aed30b9bad8957a928d42d81a100193</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22819071$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203627$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Desch, Steffen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobler, Daniela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Johanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonnabend, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adams, Volker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sareban, Mahdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eitel, Ingo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blüher, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuler, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiele, Holger</creatorcontrib><title>Low vs. Higher-Dose Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular High-Risk Patients</title><title>American journal of hypertension</title><addtitle>AJH</addtitle><description>Background Dark chocolate may have blood pressure-lowering properties. We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point design trial to study a potential dose dependency of the presumed antihypertensive effect of dark chocolate by directly comparing low vs. higher doses of dark chocolate over the course of 3 months. Methods We enrolled a total of 102 patients with prehypertension/stage 1 hypertension and established cardiovascular end-organ damage or diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 or 25g/day of flavanol-rich dark chocolate for 3 months. The difference in 24-h mean blood pressure between groups was defined as the primary outcome measure. Results Significant reductions in mean ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were observed between baseline and follow-up in both groups (6g/day: −2.3mmHg, 95% confidence interval −4.1 to −0.4; 25g/day: −1.9mmHg, 95% confidence interval −3.6 to −0.2). There were no significant differences in blood pressure changes between groups. In the higher-dose group, a slight increase in body weight was noted (0.8kg, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 1.6). Conclusions The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dark chocolate may be associated with a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, due to the lack of a control group, confounding may be possible and the results should be interpreted with caution.</description><subject>Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood and lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>blood pressure</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - drug effects</subject><subject>Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory</subject><subject>Cacao</subject><subject>Candy</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology</subject><subject>cocoa</subject><subject>dark chocolate</subject><subject>Diabetes Complications - physiopathology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>flavanols</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - complications</subject><subject>Hypertension - drug therapy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Risk</subject><issn>0895-7061</issn><issn>1941-7225</issn><issn>1879-1905</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c1v0zAYBnALgVgpnLiDpYlxQCn-jOMjdECRKlGVCaFerLeJQ92mcbGTMf573KVsEhdOlqWfn9d-jNBzSiaU8OItbDcTRtKO6QdoRLWgmWJMPkQjUmiZKZLTM_Qkxi0hROQ5fYzOGGGE50yN0Gruf-HrOMEz92NjQ3bpo8WXEHZ4uvGlb6CzGNoKv2-8r_Ai2Bj7YLFr8RRC5fw1xLJvINyez5Yu7vACOmfbLj5Fj2poon12Wsfo6uOHq-ksm3_59Hn6bp6VUrAuEyzPi7UEKrmwgktFayIkZYKLwvIaFNiKk7VeQ5Weo0CzohKsKihQQqjmY_R6iD0E_7O3sTN7F0vbNNBa30ejOOdU6ZQ3Ruf_yK3vQ5vuZihhQmqSa5bUm0GVwccYbG0Owe0h_E7IHAs3qXBzLNyw4_QXp8x-vbfVnf3bcAKvTiA1BU0doC1dvHesoJoomtzF4Hx_-M_ElwNsoUtfcWeTOZJbkQ3Cxc7e3IOwM7niSprZ95Why29fVwutzZL_AZeyq3o</recordid><startdate>20100601</startdate><enddate>20100601</enddate><creator>Desch, Steffen</creator><creator>Kobler, Daniela</creator><creator>Schmidt, Johanna</creator><creator>Sonnabend, Melanie</creator><creator>Adams, Volker</creator><creator>Sareban, Mahdi</creator><creator>Eitel, Ingo</creator><creator>Blüher, Matthias</creator><creator>Schuler, Gerhard</creator><creator>Thiele, Holger</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100601</creationdate><title>Low vs. Higher-Dose Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular High-Risk Patients</title><author>Desch, Steffen ; Kobler, Daniela ; Schmidt, Johanna ; Sonnabend, Melanie ; Adams, Volker ; Sareban, Mahdi ; Eitel, Ingo ; Blüher, Matthias ; Schuler, Gerhard ; Thiele, Holger</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c542t-42668b5a1534e43571f045124348e3fa7aed30b9bad8957a928d42d81a100193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood and lymphatic vessels</topic><topic>blood pressure</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - drug effects</topic><topic>Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory</topic><topic>Cacao</topic><topic>Candy</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology</topic><topic>cocoa</topic><topic>dark chocolate</topic><topic>Diabetes Complications - physiopathology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>flavanols</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - complications</topic><topic>Hypertension - drug therapy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Risk</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Desch, Steffen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobler, Daniela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Johanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonnabend, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adams, Volker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sareban, Mahdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eitel, Ingo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blüher, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuler, Gerhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiele, Holger</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of hypertension</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Desch, Steffen</au><au>Kobler, Daniela</au><au>Schmidt, Johanna</au><au>Sonnabend, Melanie</au><au>Adams, Volker</au><au>Sareban, Mahdi</au><au>Eitel, Ingo</au><au>Blüher, Matthias</au><au>Schuler, Gerhard</au><au>Thiele, Holger</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low vs. Higher-Dose Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular High-Risk Patients</atitle><jtitle>American journal of hypertension</jtitle><addtitle>AJH</addtitle><date>2010-06-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>694</spage><epage>700</epage><pages>694-700</pages><issn>0895-7061</issn><eissn>1941-7225</eissn><eissn>1879-1905</eissn><coden>AJHYE6</coden><abstract>Background Dark chocolate may have blood pressure-lowering properties. We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point design trial to study a potential dose dependency of the presumed antihypertensive effect of dark chocolate by directly comparing low vs. higher doses of dark chocolate over the course of 3 months. Methods We enrolled a total of 102 patients with prehypertension/stage 1 hypertension and established cardiovascular end-organ damage or diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 or 25g/day of flavanol-rich dark chocolate for 3 months. The difference in 24-h mean blood pressure between groups was defined as the primary outcome measure. Results Significant reductions in mean ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were observed between baseline and follow-up in both groups (6g/day: −2.3mmHg, 95% confidence interval −4.1 to −0.4; 25g/day: −1.9mmHg, 95% confidence interval −3.6 to −0.2). There were no significant differences in blood pressure changes between groups. In the higher-dose group, a slight increase in body weight was noted (0.8kg, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 1.6). Conclusions The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dark chocolate may be associated with a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, due to the lack of a control group, confounding may be possible and the results should be interpreted with caution.</abstract><cop>Basingstoke</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>20203627</pmid><doi>10.1038/ajh.2010.29</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension Biological and medical sciences Blood and lymphatic vessels blood pressure Blood Pressure - drug effects Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory Cacao Candy Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology cocoa dark chocolate Diabetes Complications - physiopathology Female flavanols Humans hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - drug therapy Male Medical sciences Risk |
| title | Low vs. Higher-Dose Dark Chocolate and Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular High-Risk Patients |
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