The Opposition Effect of the Moon: The Contribution of Coherent Backscatter
The opposition effect, the sharp surge in brightness of an astronomical object observed near zero phase angle, which has been known for more than a century, has generally been explained by shadow hiding. The reflectances of several Apollo lunar soil samples have been measured as a function of phase...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1993-04, Vol.260 (5107), p.509-511 |
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| creator | Hapke, Bruce W. Nelson, Robert M. Smythe, William D. |
| description | The opposition effect, the sharp surge in brightness of an astronomical object observed near zero phase angle, which has been known for more than a century, has generally been explained by shadow hiding. The reflectances of several Apollo lunar soil samples have been measured as a function of phase angle in linearly and circularly polarized light. All samples exhibited a decrease in the linear polarization ratio and an increase in the circular polarization ratio in the opposition peak. This provides unequivocal proof that most of the lunar opposition effect is caused by coherent backscatter, not shadow hiding. This result has major implications for the interpretation of photometric observations of bodies in the solar system, including the Earth. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.260.5107.509 |
| format | Article |
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The reflectances of several Apollo lunar soil samples have been measured as a function of phase angle in linearly and circularly polarized light. All samples exhibited a decrease in the linear polarization ratio and an increase in the circular polarization ratio in the opposition peak. This provides unequivocal proof that most of the lunar opposition effect is caused by coherent backscatter, not shadow hiding. This result has major implications for the interpretation of photometric observations of bodies in the solar system, including the Earth.</description><subject>Albedo</subject><subject>Astronomical photometry</subject><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Brightness</subject><subject>Circular polarization</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Linear polarization</subject><subject>Moon</subject><subject>Optical reflection</subject><subject>Phase angle</subject><subject>Polarized light</subject><subject>Reflectance</subject><subject>Regolith</subject><subject>Solar system</subject><subject>Solar systems</subject><subject>Wavelengths</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>CYI</sourceid><recordid>eNqN001vEzEQBuAVAtFQ-AcV2gMCDt3gj_Xa5tZGJVQEcqBwtbzecbplYwfbkeDf4zRRq0gRinyw5HnGB8_rojjDaIwxaT5E04MzMCYNGjOM-Jgh-aQYYSRZJQmiT4sRQrSpBOLspHgR4x1CuSbp8-IEc0FRTcSo-HJzC-V8tfKxT7135ZW1YFLpbZly4av37mO5IRPvUujb9T3K1Ym_hQAulZfa_IpGpwThZfHM6iHCq91-Wvz4dHUz-VzN5tPrycWs0ryRqRJaGNYgLo2pG8KFthrrjjFd41Z2lHeGCiOF4KRrjbQatDWsBWkpazlQQU-Ld9t7V8H_XkNMatlHA8OgHfh1VJxSUiOKWJZv_ytJQwTlZHPl-RYu9ACqd9anoM0CHAQ9eAe2z8cXmHKJm5pmXh3geXWw7M0h_37PZ5LgT1rodYzq-vu3o-n859H0cnosFdPZHj0_RI0fBliAypOczPd4veUm-BgDWLUK_VKHvwojtQmq2gU1PzZSm6CqHNTc9no3mXW7hO6xaZfMDN7sgM7xGmzQzvTxwdWc1IRt2NmWOR21yhmNCktJEWJ1I-Vj-S4mHx66iRD3X-EfL6r_FQ</recordid><startdate>19930423</startdate><enddate>19930423</enddate><creator>Hapke, Bruce W.</creator><creator>Nelson, Robert M.</creator><creator>Smythe, William D.</creator><general>American Society for the Advancement of Science</general><general>American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><scope>CYE</scope><scope>CYI</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>IBG</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19930423</creationdate><title>The Opposition Effect of the Moon: The Contribution of Coherent Backscatter</title><author>Hapke, Bruce W. ; Nelson, Robert M. ; Smythe, William D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a769t-8a8c56079cc46278afa1ad55a41b9d37dc38c98872dbc9faeafc5be9f35b7e383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Albedo</topic><topic>Astronomical photometry</topic><topic>Astronomy</topic><topic>Brightness</topic><topic>Circular polarization</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Linear polarization</topic><topic>Moon</topic><topic>Optical reflection</topic><topic>Phase angle</topic><topic>Polarized light</topic><topic>Reflectance</topic><topic>Regolith</topic><topic>Solar system</topic><topic>Solar systems</topic><topic>Wavelengths</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hapke, Bruce W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Robert M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smythe, William D.</creatorcontrib><collection>NASA Scientific and Technical Information</collection><collection>NASA Technical Reports Server</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Biography</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hapke, Bruce W.</au><au>Nelson, Robert M.</au><au>Smythe, William D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Opposition Effect of the Moon: The Contribution of Coherent Backscatter</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>1993-04-23</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>260</volume><issue>5107</issue><spage>509</spage><epage>511</epage><pages>509-511</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><coden>SCIEAS</coden><abstract>The opposition effect, the sharp surge in brightness of an astronomical object observed near zero phase angle, which has been known for more than a century, has generally been explained by shadow hiding. 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| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 1993-04, Vol.260 (5107), p.509-511 |
| issn | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_733240305 |
| source | American Association for the Advancement of Science; Jstor Complete Legacy; NASA Technical Reports Server |
| subjects | Albedo Astronomical photometry Astronomy Brightness Circular polarization Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Linear polarization Moon Optical reflection Phase angle Polarized light Reflectance Regolith Solar system Solar systems Wavelengths |
| title | The Opposition Effect of the Moon: The Contribution of Coherent Backscatter |
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