The transverse occipital ligament: anatomy and potential functional significance
Knowledge of the anatomy of ligaments that bind the craniocervical junction is important for treating patients with lesions of this region. Although the anatomy and function of these ligaments have been well described, those of the transverse occipital ligament (TOL) have remained enigmatic. To desc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neurosurgery 2010-03, Vol.66 (3 Suppl Operative), p.1-ons3 |
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| creator | Tubbs, R Shane Griessenauer, Christoph J McDaniel, Jenny Gober Burns, Amanda M Kumbla, Anjali Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A |
| description | Knowledge of the anatomy of ligaments that bind the craniocervical junction is important for treating patients with lesions of this region. Although the anatomy and function of these ligaments have been well described, those of the transverse occipital ligament (TOL) have remained enigmatic.
To describe the anatomy and functions of the transverse occipital ligament.
Via a posterior approach, 9 cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the craniocervical junction with special attention to the presence and anatomy of the TOL.
The TOL was identified in 77.8% of the specimens. The ligament was found to be rectangular with fibers running horizontally between the lateral aspects of the foramen magnum. The attachment of each ligament near the occipital condyle was consistent, and each ligament was found superior to the transverse portion of the cruciform ligament and inserted just posterior to the lateral attachment sites of the alar ligaments. The average width, length, and thickness of the TOL was 0.34, 1.94, and 0.13 cm, respectively. The TOL in some specimens also had connections to the alar and transverse ligaments.
The TOL was found in the majority of our specimens. The possible functions of this ligament when attached to the alar ligaments include providing additional support to these structures in stabilizing lateral bending, flexion, and axial rotation of the head. Knowledge of this ligament may aid in further understanding craniocervical stability and help in differentiating normal from pathology via imaging modalities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1227/01.NEU.0000349213.09505.ED |
| format | Article |
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To describe the anatomy and functions of the transverse occipital ligament.
Via a posterior approach, 9 cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the craniocervical junction with special attention to the presence and anatomy of the TOL.
The TOL was identified in 77.8% of the specimens. The ligament was found to be rectangular with fibers running horizontally between the lateral aspects of the foramen magnum. The attachment of each ligament near the occipital condyle was consistent, and each ligament was found superior to the transverse portion of the cruciform ligament and inserted just posterior to the lateral attachment sites of the alar ligaments. The average width, length, and thickness of the TOL was 0.34, 1.94, and 0.13 cm, respectively. The TOL in some specimens also had connections to the alar and transverse ligaments.
The TOL was found in the majority of our specimens. The possible functions of this ligament when attached to the alar ligaments include providing additional support to these structures in stabilizing lateral bending, flexion, and axial rotation of the head. Knowledge of this ligament may aid in further understanding craniocervical stability and help in differentiating normal from pathology via imaging modalities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2332-4252</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1524-4040</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000349213.09505.ED</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20124929</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Aged ; Atlanto-Axial Joint - anatomy & histology ; Atlanto-Axial Joint - physiology ; Atlanto-Occipital Joint - anatomy & histology ; Atlanto-Occipital Joint - physiology ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra - anatomy & histology ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra - physiology ; Cadaver ; Cervical Atlas - anatomy & histology ; Cervical Atlas - physiology ; Dissection - methods ; Female ; Foramen Magnum - anatomy & histology ; Foramen Magnum - physiology ; Head Movements - physiology ; Humans ; Ligaments - anatomy & histology ; Ligaments - physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occipital Bone - anatomy & histology ; Occipital Bone - physiology ; Odontoid Process - anatomy & histology ; Odontoid Process - physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular - physiology]]></subject><ispartof>Neurosurgery, 2010-03, Vol.66 (3 Suppl Operative), p.1-ons3</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c261t-8553b7c472886a61271fe8757a63df0d4fb8cbbe26177f847f5e7c007cf5f36f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20124929$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tubbs, R Shane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griessenauer, Christoph J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDaniel, Jenny Gober</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burns, Amanda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumbla, Anjali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A</creatorcontrib><title>The transverse occipital ligament: anatomy and potential functional significance</title><title>Neurosurgery</title><addtitle>Neurosurgery</addtitle><description>Knowledge of the anatomy of ligaments that bind the craniocervical junction is important for treating patients with lesions of this region. Although the anatomy and function of these ligaments have been well described, those of the transverse occipital ligament (TOL) have remained enigmatic.
To describe the anatomy and functions of the transverse occipital ligament.
Via a posterior approach, 9 cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the craniocervical junction with special attention to the presence and anatomy of the TOL.
The TOL was identified in 77.8% of the specimens. The ligament was found to be rectangular with fibers running horizontally between the lateral aspects of the foramen magnum. The attachment of each ligament near the occipital condyle was consistent, and each ligament was found superior to the transverse portion of the cruciform ligament and inserted just posterior to the lateral attachment sites of the alar ligaments. The average width, length, and thickness of the TOL was 0.34, 1.94, and 0.13 cm, respectively. The TOL in some specimens also had connections to the alar and transverse ligaments.
The TOL was found in the majority of our specimens. The possible functions of this ligament when attached to the alar ligaments include providing additional support to these structures in stabilizing lateral bending, flexion, and axial rotation of the head. Knowledge of this ligament may aid in further understanding craniocervical stability and help in differentiating normal from pathology via imaging modalities.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Atlanto-Axial Joint - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Atlanto-Axial Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Atlanto-Occipital Joint - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Atlanto-Occipital Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Axis, Cervical Vertebra - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Axis, Cervical Vertebra - physiology</subject><subject>Cadaver</subject><subject>Cervical Atlas - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Cervical Atlas - physiology</subject><subject>Dissection - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Foramen Magnum - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Foramen Magnum - physiology</subject><subject>Head Movements - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ligaments - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Ligaments - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Occipital Bone - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Occipital Bone - physiology</subject><subject>Odontoid Process - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Odontoid Process - physiology</subject><subject>Range of Motion, Articular - physiology</subject><issn>2332-4252</issn><issn>1524-4040</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwCyhiwyrBzzjtDtHwkCpg0a4tx7GLUeKE2EHq32Nogdnc0cy9M9IB4ArBDGHMbyDKnstNBmMROseIZHDOIMvK5RGYIoZpSiGFx2CKCcEpxQxPwJn37xCinPLiFEwwRDgm51Pwun7TSRik85968DrplLK9DbJJGruVrXZhkUgnQ9fuotZJ34U4s3FvRqeC7Vxsvd06a6ySTulzcGJk4_XFQWdgc1-u7x7T1cvD093tKlU4RyEtGCMVV5TjoshljjBHRheccZmT2sCamqpQVaWjmXNTUG6Y5gpCrgwzJDdkBq73d_uh-xi1D6K1XummkU53oxecEFQQhvLoXOydaui8H7QR_WBbOewEguIbqIBIRKDiH6j4ASrKZQxfHt6MVavrv-gvQfIFWJxywA</recordid><startdate>20100301</startdate><enddate>20100301</enddate><creator>Tubbs, R Shane</creator><creator>Griessenauer, Christoph J</creator><creator>McDaniel, Jenny Gober</creator><creator>Burns, Amanda M</creator><creator>Kumbla, Anjali</creator><creator>Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100301</creationdate><title>The transverse occipital ligament: anatomy and potential functional significance</title><author>Tubbs, R Shane ; Griessenauer, Christoph J ; McDaniel, Jenny Gober ; Burns, Amanda M ; Kumbla, Anjali ; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c261t-8553b7c472886a61271fe8757a63df0d4fb8cbbe26177f847f5e7c007cf5f36f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Atlanto-Axial Joint - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Atlanto-Axial Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Atlanto-Occipital Joint - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Atlanto-Occipital Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Axis, Cervical Vertebra - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Axis, Cervical Vertebra - physiology</topic><topic>Cadaver</topic><topic>Cervical Atlas - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Cervical Atlas - physiology</topic><topic>Dissection - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Foramen Magnum - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Foramen Magnum - physiology</topic><topic>Head Movements - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ligaments - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Ligaments - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Occipital Bone - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Occipital Bone - physiology</topic><topic>Odontoid Process - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Odontoid Process - physiology</topic><topic>Range of Motion, Articular - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tubbs, R Shane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griessenauer, Christoph J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDaniel, Jenny Gober</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burns, Amanda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumbla, Anjali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neurosurgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tubbs, R Shane</au><au>Griessenauer, Christoph J</au><au>McDaniel, Jenny Gober</au><au>Burns, Amanda M</au><au>Kumbla, Anjali</au><au>Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The transverse occipital ligament: anatomy and potential functional significance</atitle><jtitle>Neurosurgery</jtitle><addtitle>Neurosurgery</addtitle><date>2010-03-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>3 Suppl Operative</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>ons3</epage><pages>1-ons3</pages><issn>2332-4252</issn><eissn>1524-4040</eissn><abstract>Knowledge of the anatomy of ligaments that bind the craniocervical junction is important for treating patients with lesions of this region. Although the anatomy and function of these ligaments have been well described, those of the transverse occipital ligament (TOL) have remained enigmatic.
To describe the anatomy and functions of the transverse occipital ligament.
Via a posterior approach, 9 cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the craniocervical junction with special attention to the presence and anatomy of the TOL.
The TOL was identified in 77.8% of the specimens. The ligament was found to be rectangular with fibers running horizontally between the lateral aspects of the foramen magnum. The attachment of each ligament near the occipital condyle was consistent, and each ligament was found superior to the transverse portion of the cruciform ligament and inserted just posterior to the lateral attachment sites of the alar ligaments. The average width, length, and thickness of the TOL was 0.34, 1.94, and 0.13 cm, respectively. The TOL in some specimens also had connections to the alar and transverse ligaments.
The TOL was found in the majority of our specimens. The possible functions of this ligament when attached to the alar ligaments include providing additional support to these structures in stabilizing lateral bending, flexion, and axial rotation of the head. Knowledge of this ligament may aid in further understanding craniocervical stability and help in differentiating normal from pathology via imaging modalities.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>20124929</pmid><doi>10.1227/01.NEU.0000349213.09505.ED</doi></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Atlanto-Axial Joint - anatomy & histology Atlanto-Axial Joint - physiology Atlanto-Occipital Joint - anatomy & histology Atlanto-Occipital Joint - physiology Axis, Cervical Vertebra - anatomy & histology Axis, Cervical Vertebra - physiology Cadaver Cervical Atlas - anatomy & histology Cervical Atlas - physiology Dissection - methods Female Foramen Magnum - anatomy & histology Foramen Magnum - physiology Head Movements - physiology Humans Ligaments - anatomy & histology Ligaments - physiology Male Middle Aged Occipital Bone - anatomy & histology Occipital Bone - physiology Odontoid Process - anatomy & histology Odontoid Process - physiology Range of Motion, Articular - physiology |
| title | The transverse occipital ligament: anatomy and potential functional significance |
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