Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted over 24 months (2007–2008) in two acute, general hospitals. Consecutive, hospitalised adult pati...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Thorax 2010-06, Vol.65 (6), p.510-515 |
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| creator | Lee, N Choi, K W Chan, P K S Hui, D S C Lui, G C Y Wong, B C K Wong, R Y K Sin, W Y Hui, W M Ngai, K L K Cockram, C S Lai, R W M Sung, J J Y |
| description | BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted over 24 months (2007–2008) in two acute, general hospitals. Consecutive, hospitalised adult patients were recruited and followed once their laboratory diagnosis of influenza A/B was established (based on viral antigen detection and virus isolation from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected per protocol). Outcomes studied included in-hospital death, length of stay and duration of oxygen therapy. Factors affecting outcomes were analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Sequencing analysis on the neuraminidase gene was performed for available H1N1 isolates.Results754 patients were studied (influenza A, n=539; >75% H3N2). Their mean age was 70±18 years; co-morbidities and serious complications were common (61–77%). Supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support was required in 401 (53.2%) and 41 (5.4%) patients, respectively. 39 (5.2%) patients died; pneumonia, respiratory failure and sepsis were the causes. 395 (52%) patients received antiviral (oseltamivir) treatment. Omission of antiviral treatment was associated with delayed presentation or negative antigen detection results. The mortality rate was 4.56 and 7.42 per 1000 patient-days in the treated and untreated patients, respectively; among those with co-morbidities, it was 5.62 and 11.64 per 1000 patient-days, respectively. In multivariate analysis, antiviral use was associated with reduced risk of death (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.27 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.55); p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/thx.2009.130799 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_733149913</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>4027207891</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b468t-1be8051a66accda0a9830bb64e65a408f76b72c791a9758cd2265a9f6a674b683</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0F1LHDEUBuBQKnWrve5dGSilIMx6kky-LuvSakEURMW7cCaTYWc7H2sy09r-eiOzVehNrxI4zzm8vIS8p7CklMvjcf2wZABmSTkoY16RBS2kzjkz8jVZABSQS67kPnkb4wYANKXqDdlnIBjThV4QcTmNbuh8zIY6w2pqx5ith7htRmyb6KvsVzOus-h_-uCzpq_byfd_8JDs1dhG_273HpCbb1-vV2f5-eXp99WX87xMKcacll6DoCglOlchoNEcylIWXgosQNdKloo5ZSgaJbSrGEsDU0uUqiil5gfk83x3G4b7ycfRdk10vm2x98MUreKcFsZQnuTHf-RmmEKfwlmqNNXpMIikjmflwhBj8LXdhqbD8NtSsE-F2lSofSrUzoWmjQ-7u1PZ-erZ_20wgU87gNFhWwfsXRNfHNNCMQPJ5bNr4ugfnucYflipuBL24nZlxcXdFT1Jn5Pkj2Zfdpv_pnwEmCyY4Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1781826505</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Lee, N ; Choi, K W ; Chan, P K S ; Hui, D S C ; Lui, G C Y ; Wong, B C K ; Wong, R Y K ; Sin, W Y ; Hui, W M ; Ngai, K L K ; Cockram, C S ; Lai, R W M ; Sung, J J Y</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, N ; Choi, K W ; Chan, P K S ; Hui, D S C ; Lui, G C Y ; Wong, B C K ; Wong, R Y K ; Sin, W Y ; Hui, W M ; Ngai, K L K ; Cockram, C S ; Lai, R W M ; Sung, J J Y</creatorcontrib><description>BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted over 24 months (2007–2008) in two acute, general hospitals. Consecutive, hospitalised adult patients were recruited and followed once their laboratory diagnosis of influenza A/B was established (based on viral antigen detection and virus isolation from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected per protocol). Outcomes studied included in-hospital death, length of stay and duration of oxygen therapy. Factors affecting outcomes were analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Sequencing analysis on the neuraminidase gene was performed for available H1N1 isolates.Results754 patients were studied (influenza A, n=539; >75% H3N2). Their mean age was 70±18 years; co-morbidities and serious complications were common (61–77%). Supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support was required in 401 (53.2%) and 41 (5.4%) patients, respectively. 39 (5.2%) patients died; pneumonia, respiratory failure and sepsis were the causes. 395 (52%) patients received antiviral (oseltamivir) treatment. Omission of antiviral treatment was associated with delayed presentation or negative antigen detection results. The mortality rate was 4.56 and 7.42 per 1000 patient-days in the treated and untreated patients, respectively; among those with co-morbidities, it was 5.62 and 11.64 per 1000 patient-days, respectively. In multivariate analysis, antiviral use was associated with reduced risk of death (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.27 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.55); p<0.001). Improved survival was observed with treatment started within 4 days from onset. Earlier hospital discharge (aHR 1.28 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.57); p=0.019) and faster discontinuation of oxygen therapy (aHR 1.30 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.69); p=0.043) was associated with early treatment within 2 days. Few (n=15) H1N1 isolates in this cohort had the H275Y mutation.ConclusionsAntiviral treatment for severe influenza is associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0040-6376</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3296</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.130799</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20522848</identifier><identifier>CODEN: THORA7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Antigens ; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Asthma ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Chronic illnesses ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Clinical outcomes ; Data collection ; Diabetes ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Fever ; Heart failure ; Hong Kong - epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Hospitals, General ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Influenza, Human - diagnosis ; Influenza, Human - mortality ; Influenza, Human - therapy ; Intensive care ; Laboratories ; Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - methods ; Oxygen therapy ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Pneumology ; Prognosis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Statistical analysis ; Swine flu ; Treatment Outcome ; Variables ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases ; Viral infection</subject><ispartof>Thorax, 2010-06, Vol.65 (6), p.510-515</ispartof><rights>2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2010 (c) 2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b468t-1be8051a66accda0a9830bb64e65a408f76b72c791a9758cd2265a9f6a674b683</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://thorax.bmj.com/content/65/6/510.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://thorax.bmj.com/content/65/6/510.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,314,776,780,3183,23550,27901,27902,77343,77374</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22857290$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522848$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, K W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, P K S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hui, D S C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lui, G C Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, B C K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, R Y K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sin, W Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hui, W M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngai, K L K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cockram, C S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, R W M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, J J Y</creatorcontrib><title>Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza</title><title>Thorax</title><addtitle>Thorax</addtitle><description>BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted over 24 months (2007–2008) in two acute, general hospitals. Consecutive, hospitalised adult patients were recruited and followed once their laboratory diagnosis of influenza A/B was established (based on viral antigen detection and virus isolation from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected per protocol). Outcomes studied included in-hospital death, length of stay and duration of oxygen therapy. Factors affecting outcomes were analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Sequencing analysis on the neuraminidase gene was performed for available H1N1 isolates.Results754 patients were studied (influenza A, n=539; >75% H3N2). Their mean age was 70±18 years; co-morbidities and serious complications were common (61–77%). Supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support was required in 401 (53.2%) and 41 (5.4%) patients, respectively. 39 (5.2%) patients died; pneumonia, respiratory failure and sepsis were the causes. 395 (52%) patients received antiviral (oseltamivir) treatment. Omission of antiviral treatment was associated with delayed presentation or negative antigen detection results. The mortality rate was 4.56 and 7.42 per 1000 patient-days in the treated and untreated patients, respectively; among those with co-morbidities, it was 5.62 and 11.64 per 1000 patient-days, respectively. In multivariate analysis, antiviral use was associated with reduced risk of death (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.27 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.55); p<0.001). Improved survival was observed with treatment started within 4 days from onset. Earlier hospital discharge (aHR 1.28 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.57); p=0.019) and faster discontinuation of oxygen therapy (aHR 1.30 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.69); p=0.043) was associated with early treatment within 2 days. Few (n=15) H1N1 isolates in this cohort had the H275Y mutation.ConclusionsAntiviral treatment for severe influenza is associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Clinical outcomes</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Heart failure</subject><subject>Hong Kong - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Hospitals, General</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - diagnosis</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - mortality</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - therapy</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Oxygen therapy</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pneumology</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Respiration, Artificial</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Swine flu</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral infection</subject><issn>0040-6376</issn><issn>1468-3296</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0F1LHDEUBuBQKnWrve5dGSilIMx6kky-LuvSakEURMW7cCaTYWc7H2sy09r-eiOzVehNrxI4zzm8vIS8p7CklMvjcf2wZABmSTkoY16RBS2kzjkz8jVZABSQS67kPnkb4wYANKXqDdlnIBjThV4QcTmNbuh8zIY6w2pqx5ith7htRmyb6KvsVzOus-h_-uCzpq_byfd_8JDs1dhG_273HpCbb1-vV2f5-eXp99WX87xMKcacll6DoCglOlchoNEcylIWXgosQNdKloo5ZSgaJbSrGEsDU0uUqiil5gfk83x3G4b7ycfRdk10vm2x98MUreKcFsZQnuTHf-RmmEKfwlmqNNXpMIikjmflwhBj8LXdhqbD8NtSsE-F2lSofSrUzoWmjQ-7u1PZ-erZ_20wgU87gNFhWwfsXRNfHNNCMQPJ5bNr4ugfnucYflipuBL24nZlxcXdFT1Jn5Pkj2Zfdpv_pnwEmCyY4Q</recordid><startdate>20100601</startdate><enddate>20100601</enddate><creator>Lee, N</creator><creator>Choi, K W</creator><creator>Chan, P K S</creator><creator>Hui, D S C</creator><creator>Lui, G C Y</creator><creator>Wong, B C K</creator><creator>Wong, R Y K</creator><creator>Sin, W Y</creator><creator>Hui, W M</creator><creator>Ngai, K L K</creator><creator>Cockram, C S</creator><creator>Lai, R W M</creator><creator>Sung, J J Y</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100601</creationdate><title>Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza</title><author>Lee, N ; Choi, K W ; Chan, P K S ; Hui, D S C ; Lui, G C Y ; Wong, B C K ; Wong, R Y K ; Sin, W Y ; Hui, W M ; Ngai, K L K ; Cockram, C S ; Lai, R W M ; Sung, J J Y</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b468t-1be8051a66accda0a9830bb64e65a408f76b72c791a9758cd2265a9f6a674b683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>Clinical outcomes</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Heart failure</topic><topic>Hong Kong - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Hospitals, General</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - diagnosis</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - mortality</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - therapy</topic><topic>Intensive care</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Oxygen therapy</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pneumology</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Respiration, Artificial</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Swine flu</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral infection</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, K W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, P K S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hui, D S C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lui, G C Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, B C K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, R Y K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sin, W Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hui, W M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngai, K L K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cockram, C S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, R W M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, J J Y</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Thorax</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, N</au><au>Choi, K W</au><au>Chan, P K S</au><au>Hui, D S C</au><au>Lui, G C Y</au><au>Wong, B C K</au><au>Wong, R Y K</au><au>Sin, W Y</au><au>Hui, W M</au><au>Ngai, K L K</au><au>Cockram, C S</au><au>Lai, R W M</au><au>Sung, J J Y</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza</atitle><jtitle>Thorax</jtitle><addtitle>Thorax</addtitle><date>2010-06-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>510</spage><epage>515</epage><pages>510-515</pages><issn>0040-6376</issn><eissn>1468-3296</eissn><coden>THORA7</coden><abstract>BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted over 24 months (2007–2008) in two acute, general hospitals. Consecutive, hospitalised adult patients were recruited and followed once their laboratory diagnosis of influenza A/B was established (based on viral antigen detection and virus isolation from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected per protocol). Outcomes studied included in-hospital death, length of stay and duration of oxygen therapy. Factors affecting outcomes were analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Sequencing analysis on the neuraminidase gene was performed for available H1N1 isolates.Results754 patients were studied (influenza A, n=539; >75% H3N2). Their mean age was 70±18 years; co-morbidities and serious complications were common (61–77%). Supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support was required in 401 (53.2%) and 41 (5.4%) patients, respectively. 39 (5.2%) patients died; pneumonia, respiratory failure and sepsis were the causes. 395 (52%) patients received antiviral (oseltamivir) treatment. Omission of antiviral treatment was associated with delayed presentation or negative antigen detection results. The mortality rate was 4.56 and 7.42 per 1000 patient-days in the treated and untreated patients, respectively; among those with co-morbidities, it was 5.62 and 11.64 per 1000 patient-days, respectively. In multivariate analysis, antiviral use was associated with reduced risk of death (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.27 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.55); p<0.001). Improved survival was observed with treatment started within 4 days from onset. Earlier hospital discharge (aHR 1.28 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.57); p=0.019) and faster discontinuation of oxygen therapy (aHR 1.30 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.69); p=0.043) was associated with early treatment within 2 days. Few (n=15) H1N1 isolates in this cohort had the H275Y mutation.ConclusionsAntiviral treatment for severe influenza is associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society</pub><pmid>20522848</pmid><doi>10.1136/thx.2009.130799</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Age Factors Aged Antigens Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Asthma Biological and medical sciences Cardiology. Vascular system Chronic illnesses Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Clinical outcomes Data collection Diabetes Epidemiologic Methods Female Fever Heart failure Hong Kong - epidemiology Hospitalization Hospitals Hospitals, General Human viral diseases Humans Infections Infectious diseases Influenza, Human - diagnosis Influenza, Human - mortality Influenza, Human - therapy Intensive care Laboratories Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - methods Oxygen therapy Pandemics Patients Pneumology Prognosis Respiration, Artificial Seasons Sex Factors Statistical analysis Swine flu Treatment Outcome Variables Viral diseases Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases Viral infection |
| title | Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza |
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