Dynamic Mapping of the Human Visual Cortex by High-Speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging
We report the use of high-speed magnetic resonance imaging to follow the changes in image intensity in the human visual cortex during stimulation by a flashing checkerboard stimulus. Measurements were made in a 2.1-T, 1-m-diameter magnet, part of a Bruker Biospec spectrometer that we had programmed...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1992-11, Vol.89 (22), p.11069-11073 |
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| container_issue | 22 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
| container_volume | 89 |
| creator | Blamire, Andrew M. Ogawa, Seiji Ugurbil, Kamil Rothman, Douglas McCarthy, Gregory Ellermann, Jutta M. Hyder, Fahmeed Rattner, Zachary Schulman, Robert G. |
| description | We report the use of high-speed magnetic resonance imaging to follow the changes in image intensity in the human visual cortex during stimulation by a flashing checkerboard stimulus. Measurements were made in a 2.1-T, 1-m-diameter magnet, part of a Bruker Biospec spectrometer that we had programmed to do echo-planar imaging. A 15-cm-diameter surface coil was used to transmit and receive signals. Images were acquired during periods of stimulation from 2 s to 180 s. Images were acquired in 65.5 ms in a 10-mm slice with in-plane voxel size of 6 x 3 mm. Repetition time (TR) was generally 2 s, although for the long flashing periods, TR= 8 s was used. Voxels were located onto an inversion recovery image taken with 2 x 2 mm in-plane resolution. Image intensity increased after onset of the stimulus. The mean change in signal relative to the prestimulation level (ΔS/ S) was 9.7% (SD = 2.8%, n = 20) with an echo time of 70 ms. Irrespective of the period of stimulation, the increase in magnetic resonance signal intensity was delayed relative to the stimulus. The mean delay measured from the start of stimulation for each protocol was as follows: 2-s stimulation, delay = 3.5 s (SD = 0.5 s, n = 10) (the delay exceeds stimulus duration); 20- to 24-s stimulation, delay = 5 s (SD = 2 s, n = 20). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.89.22.11069 |
| format | Article |
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The mean delay measured from the start of stimulation for each protocol was as follows: 2-s stimulation, delay = 3.5 s (SD = 0.5 s, n = 10) (the delay exceeds stimulus duration); 20- to 24-s stimulation, delay = 5 s (SD = 2 s, n = 20).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.22.11069</identifier><identifier>PMID: 1438317</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNASA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Capillaries ; Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Heart rate ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Imaging ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Magnets ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Neurology ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Photic Stimulation ; Pixels ; Propagation delay ; Reference Values ; Signal noise ; Supine Position ; Time Factors ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs ; Visual cortex ; Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology ; Visual Cortex - physiology</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1992-11, Vol.89 (22), p.11069-11073</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1992 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Nov 15, 1992</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c649t-3f08daf5139214cc662167f356414ac895f5f546f52c2903ef67f616ebb1a07f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/89/22.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2362054$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2362054$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4526395$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1438317$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blamire, Andrew M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogawa, Seiji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ugurbil, Kamil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rothman, Douglas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCarthy, Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellermann, Jutta M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyder, Fahmeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rattner, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schulman, Robert G.</creatorcontrib><title>Dynamic Mapping of the Human Visual Cortex by High-Speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>We report the use of high-speed magnetic resonance imaging to follow the changes in image intensity in the human visual cortex during stimulation by a flashing checkerboard stimulus. Measurements were made in a 2.1-T, 1-m-diameter magnet, part of a Bruker Biospec spectrometer that we had programmed to do echo-planar imaging. A 15-cm-diameter surface coil was used to transmit and receive signals. Images were acquired during periods of stimulation from 2 s to 180 s. Images were acquired in 65.5 ms in a 10-mm slice with in-plane voxel size of 6 x 3 mm. Repetition time (TR) was generally 2 s, although for the long flashing periods, TR= 8 s was used. Voxels were located onto an inversion recovery image taken with 2 x 2 mm in-plane resolution. Image intensity increased after onset of the stimulus. The mean change in signal relative to the prestimulation level (ΔS/ S) was 9.7% (SD = 2.8%, n = 20) with an echo time of 70 ms. Irrespective of the period of stimulation, the increase in magnetic resonance signal intensity was delayed relative to the stimulus. The mean delay measured from the start of stimulation for each protocol was as follows: 2-s stimulation, delay = 3.5 s (SD = 0.5 s, n = 10) (the delay exceeds stimulus duration); 20- to 24-s stimulation, delay = 5 s (SD = 2 s, n = 20).</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain Mapping</subject><subject>Capillaries</subject><subject>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Hemoglobins</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Magnets</subject><subject>Mathematics</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation</subject><subject>Pixels</subject><subject>Propagation delay</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Signal noise</subject><subject>Supine Position</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><subject>Visual cortex</subject><subject>Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Visual Cortex - physiology</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1992</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUuP0zAUhS0EGsrAngWICCHEJuX6mVhig8qjIw1CYoCt5bp2miqxM3aC6L_HpaUMLEBeeHG-c18HoYcY5hgq-nLwOs1rOSdkjjEIeQvNMEhcCibhNpoBkKqsGWF30b2UtgAgeQ1n6AwzWlNczdDVm53XfWuKD3oYWt8UwRXjxhbLqde--NqmSXfFIsTRfi9Wu2LZNpvyarB2nQ2Nt2N2frIpeO2NLS563eQa99Edp7tkHxz_c_Tl3dvPi2V5-fH9xeL1ZWnyeGNJHdRr7TimkmBmjBAEi8pRLhhm2tSSu_yYcJwYIoFal1WBhV2tsIYMnqNXh7rDtOrt2lg_Rt2pIba9jjsVdKv-VHy7UU34pjiwmmf786M9huvJplH1bTK267S3YUqqohQYI_8HsWCkwrLK4NO_wG2Yos83UAQwEZRRyBAcIBNDStG608AY1D5UtQ9V1VIRon6Gmi2Pby7623BIMevPjrpORncu5jTadMIYz63lfo8XR2zf4Jd6o5FyU9flpMeMPvk3molHB2KbxhBPCKGCAGf0B54bywU</recordid><startdate>19921115</startdate><enddate>19921115</enddate><creator>Blamire, Andrew M.</creator><creator>Ogawa, Seiji</creator><creator>Ugurbil, Kamil</creator><creator>Rothman, Douglas</creator><creator>McCarthy, Gregory</creator><creator>Ellermann, Jutta M.</creator><creator>Hyder, Fahmeed</creator><creator>Rattner, Zachary</creator><creator>Schulman, Robert G.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19921115</creationdate><title>Dynamic Mapping of the Human Visual Cortex by High-Speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging</title><author>Blamire, Andrew M. ; Ogawa, Seiji ; Ugurbil, Kamil ; Rothman, Douglas ; McCarthy, Gregory ; Ellermann, Jutta M. ; Hyder, Fahmeed ; Rattner, Zachary ; Schulman, Robert G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c649t-3f08daf5139214cc662167f356414ac895f5f546f52c2903ef67f616ebb1a07f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1992</creationdate><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain Mapping</topic><topic>Capillaries</topic><topic>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Hemoglobins</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Magnets</topic><topic>Mathematics</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Photic Stimulation</topic><topic>Pixels</topic><topic>Propagation delay</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Signal noise</topic><topic>Supine Position</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><topic>Visual cortex</topic><topic>Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Visual Cortex - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blamire, Andrew M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogawa, Seiji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ugurbil, Kamil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rothman, Douglas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCarthy, Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellermann, Jutta M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyder, Fahmeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rattner, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schulman, Robert G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blamire, Andrew M.</au><au>Ogawa, Seiji</au><au>Ugurbil, Kamil</au><au>Rothman, Douglas</au><au>McCarthy, Gregory</au><au>Ellermann, Jutta M.</au><au>Hyder, Fahmeed</au><au>Rattner, Zachary</au><au>Schulman, Robert G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dynamic Mapping of the Human Visual Cortex by High-Speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1992-11-15</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>11069</spage><epage>11073</epage><pages>11069-11073</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><coden>PNASA6</coden><abstract>We report the use of high-speed magnetic resonance imaging to follow the changes in image intensity in the human visual cortex during stimulation by a flashing checkerboard stimulus. Measurements were made in a 2.1-T, 1-m-diameter magnet, part of a Bruker Biospec spectrometer that we had programmed to do echo-planar imaging. A 15-cm-diameter surface coil was used to transmit and receive signals. Images were acquired during periods of stimulation from 2 s to 180 s. Images were acquired in 65.5 ms in a 10-mm slice with in-plane voxel size of 6 x 3 mm. Repetition time (TR) was generally 2 s, although for the long flashing periods, TR= 8 s was used. Voxels were located onto an inversion recovery image taken with 2 x 2 mm in-plane resolution. Image intensity increased after onset of the stimulus. The mean change in signal relative to the prestimulation level (ΔS/ S) was 9.7% (SD = 2.8%, n = 20) with an echo time of 70 ms. Irrespective of the period of stimulation, the increase in magnetic resonance signal intensity was delayed relative to the stimulus. The mean delay measured from the start of stimulation for each protocol was as follows: 2-s stimulation, delay = 3.5 s (SD = 0.5 s, n = 10) (the delay exceeds stimulus duration); 20- to 24-s stimulation, delay = 5 s (SD = 2 s, n = 20).</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>1438317</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.89.22.11069</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1992-11, Vol.89 (22), p.11069-11073 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Biological and medical sciences Brain Brain Mapping Capillaries Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heart rate Hemoglobins Humans Imaging Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Magnets Mathematics Models, Theoretical Neurology NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Photic Stimulation Pixels Propagation delay Reference Values Signal noise Supine Position Time Factors Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Visual cortex Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology Visual Cortex - physiology |
| title | Dynamic Mapping of the Human Visual Cortex by High-Speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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