Reproductive Characteristics of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan
Reproduction of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan, was examined during a 2-year period by analysis of placental scars or fetuses in the uterus. Of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. The pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2003, Vol.65(3), pp.369-373 |
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| container_title | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science |
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| creator | ASANO, Makoto MATOBA, Yohei IKEDA, Toru SUZUKI, Masatsugu ASAKAWA, Mitsuhiko OHTAISHI, Noriyuki |
| description | Reproduction of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan, was examined during a 2-year period by analysis of placental scars or fetuses in the uterus. Of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. The pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings and was significantly lower than the 96% average observed in adults (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1292/jvms.65.369 |
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Of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. The pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings and was significantly lower than the 96% average observed in adults (p<0.01). Litter size ranged from 1 to 7 offspring per female, and averaged 3.6 in yearlings and 3.9 in adults. There was no significant difference in mean litter size between yearlings and adults. In Hokkaido, the raccoon mating season peaked in February and the majority of litters were born between March and May, similar to patterns described in North America, but some females mated in summer. The reproductive potential of feral raccoons in Hokkaido was similar to that reported in North America. The recent increase in raccoon numbers can be explained by their high productivity. Harvest data suggest that hunting pressure on juveniles is lower than that for older age classes when using box traps in summer. In order to reduce the feral raccoon population, alternative hunting methods that increase juvenile mortality rates are needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0916-7250</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1347-7439</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.369</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12679568</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE</publisher><subject>Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Body Weight ; Female ; feral ; Japan ; Lactation ; placental scar ; Pregnancy ; Procyon lotor ; raccoon ; Raccoons - physiology ; Reproduction ; Seasons</subject><ispartof>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2003, Vol.65(3), pp.369-373</ispartof><rights>2003 by the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science</rights><rights>Copyright Japan Science and Technology Agency 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c599t-7c449777fef26f717bea11dd1ec1910451ad5c55568c8b27b779e9294ded4adb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c599t-7c449777fef26f717bea11dd1ec1910451ad5c55568c8b27b779e9294ded4adb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1883,4024,27923,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12679568$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>ASANO, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MATOBA, Yohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>IKEDA, Toru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUZUKI, Masatsugu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ASAKAWA, Mitsuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OHTAISHI, Noriyuki</creatorcontrib><title>Reproductive Characteristics of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan</title><title>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</title><addtitle>J. Vet. Med. Sci.</addtitle><description>Reproduction of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan, was examined during a 2-year period by analysis of placental scars or fetuses in the uterus. Of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. The pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings and was significantly lower than the 96% average observed in adults (p<0.01). Litter size ranged from 1 to 7 offspring per female, and averaged 3.6 in yearlings and 3.9 in adults. There was no significant difference in mean litter size between yearlings and adults. In Hokkaido, the raccoon mating season peaked in February and the majority of litters were born between March and May, similar to patterns described in North America, but some females mated in summer. The reproductive potential of feral raccoons in Hokkaido was similar to that reported in North America. The recent increase in raccoon numbers can be explained by their high productivity. Harvest data suggest that hunting pressure on juveniles is lower than that for older age classes when using box traps in summer. In order to reduce the feral raccoon population, alternative hunting methods that increase juvenile mortality rates are needed.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Wild</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>feral</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Lactation</subject><subject>placental scar</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Procyon lotor</subject><subject>raccoon</subject><subject>Raccoons - physiology</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><issn>0916-7250</issn><issn>1347-7439</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1LwzAUhoMobn5ceS8BQRTtbNImae6UoU4RFNHrkCanrlvXzKQV9u-NbCh4kwTOw8t7niB0RNIRoZJezb4WYcTZKONyCw1JlotE5JncRsNUEp4IytIB2gthlqaU5FzuogGhXEjGiyF6e4Wld7Y3Xf0FeDzVXpsOfB262gTsKtxNAd-B1w1-1cY41-KzF-_MKj4a1zl_jusWT9x8rmvrLvGjXur2AO1UuglwuLn30fvd7dt4kjw93z-Mb54Sw6TsEmHyXAohKqgorwQRJWhCrCVgiCRpzoi2zDAWi5qipKIUQoKkMrdgc23LbB-drnPjCp89hE4t6mCgaXQLrg9KZERwKosInvwDZ673beymopGCFyJjMlIXa8p4F4KHSi19vdB-pUiqflSrH9WKMxVVR_p4k9mXC7B_7MZtBK7XwCx0-gN-Ae2j2wb-wtZHzPwdmfgPCtrsG-7VkR0</recordid><startdate>2003</startdate><enddate>2003</enddate><creator>ASANO, Makoto</creator><creator>MATOBA, Yohei</creator><creator>IKEDA, Toru</creator><creator>SUZUKI, Masatsugu</creator><creator>ASAKAWA, Mitsuhiko</creator><creator>OHTAISHI, Noriyuki</creator><general>JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2003</creationdate><title>Reproductive Characteristics of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan</title><author>ASANO, Makoto ; MATOBA, Yohei ; IKEDA, Toru ; SUZUKI, Masatsugu ; ASAKAWA, Mitsuhiko ; OHTAISHI, Noriyuki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c599t-7c449777fef26f717bea11dd1ec1910451ad5c55568c8b27b779e9294ded4adb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Wild</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>feral</topic><topic>Japan</topic><topic>Lactation</topic><topic>placental scar</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Procyon lotor</topic><topic>raccoon</topic><topic>Raccoons - physiology</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>ASANO, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MATOBA, Yohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>IKEDA, Toru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUZUKI, Masatsugu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ASAKAWA, Mitsuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OHTAISHI, Noriyuki</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>ASANO, Makoto</au><au>MATOBA, Yohei</au><au>IKEDA, Toru</au><au>SUZUKI, Masatsugu</au><au>ASAKAWA, Mitsuhiko</au><au>OHTAISHI, Noriyuki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reproductive Characteristics of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</jtitle><addtitle>J. Vet. Med. Sci.</addtitle><date>2003</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>369</spage><epage>373</epage><pages>369-373</pages><issn>0916-7250</issn><eissn>1347-7439</eissn><abstract>Reproduction of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan, was examined during a 2-year period by analysis of placental scars or fetuses in the uterus. Of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. The pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings and was significantly lower than the 96% average observed in adults (p<0.01). Litter size ranged from 1 to 7 offspring per female, and averaged 3.6 in yearlings and 3.9 in adults. There was no significant difference in mean litter size between yearlings and adults. In Hokkaido, the raccoon mating season peaked in February and the majority of litters were born between March and May, similar to patterns described in North America, but some females mated in summer. The reproductive potential of feral raccoons in Hokkaido was similar to that reported in North America. The recent increase in raccoon numbers can be explained by their high productivity. Harvest data suggest that hunting pressure on juveniles is lower than that for older age classes when using box traps in summer. In order to reduce the feral raccoon population, alternative hunting methods that increase juvenile mortality rates are needed.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE</pub><pmid>12679568</pmid><doi>10.1292/jvms.65.369</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; J-STAGE (Japan Science & Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic) Freely Available Titles - Japanese |
| subjects | Aging Animals Animals, Wild Body Weight Female feral Japan Lactation placental scar Pregnancy Procyon lotor raccoon Raccoons - physiology Reproduction Seasons |
| title | Reproductive Characteristics of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan |
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