Comparison of peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentration as a diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats
Objective— To establish a reliable diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats using pH, bicarbonate, lactate, and glucose concentrations in peritoneal fluid and venous blood. Study Design— Prospective clinical study. Animals— Eighteen dogs and 12 cats with peritoneal effusion. Methods—...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary surgery 2003-03, Vol.32 (2), p.161-166 |
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| creator | Bonczynski, J.J Ludwig, L.L Barton, L.J Loar, A Peterson, M.E |
| description | Objective— To establish a reliable diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats using pH, bicarbonate, lactate, and glucose concentrations in peritoneal fluid and venous blood.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Eighteen dogs and 12 cats with peritoneal effusion.
Methods— pH, bicarbonate, electrolyte, lactate, and glucose concentrations were measured on 1‐ to 2‐mL samples of venous blood and peritoneal fluid collected at admission. The concentration difference between blood and peritoneal fluid for pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentrations were calculated by subtracting the peritoneal fluid concentration from the blood concentration. Peritoneal fluid was submitted for cytologic examination and bacterial culture. Peritonitis was classified as septic or nonseptic based on cytology and bacterial culture results.
Results— In dogs, with septic effusion, peritoneal fluid glucose concentration was always lower than the blood glucose concentration. A blood‐to‐fluid glucose (BFG) difference > 20 mg/dL was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion in dogs. In 7 dogs in which it was evaluated, a blood‐to‐fluid lactate (BFL) difference < −2.0 mmol/L was also 100% sensitive and specific for a diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion. In cats, the BFG difference was 86% sensitive and 100% specific for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis. In dogs and cats, the BFG difference was more accurate for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.
Conclusions— A concentration difference > 20 mg/dL between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentration provides a rapid and reliable means to differentiate a septic peritoneal effusion from a nonseptic peritoneal effusion in dogs and cats.
Clinical Relevance— The difference between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentrations should be used as a more reliable diagnostic indicator of septic peritoneal effusion than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1053/jvet.2003.50005 |
| format | Article |
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Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Eighteen dogs and 12 cats with peritoneal effusion.
Methods— pH, bicarbonate, electrolyte, lactate, and glucose concentrations were measured on 1‐ to 2‐mL samples of venous blood and peritoneal fluid collected at admission. The concentration difference between blood and peritoneal fluid for pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentrations were calculated by subtracting the peritoneal fluid concentration from the blood concentration. Peritoneal fluid was submitted for cytologic examination and bacterial culture. Peritonitis was classified as septic or nonseptic based on cytology and bacterial culture results.
Results— In dogs, with septic effusion, peritoneal fluid glucose concentration was always lower than the blood glucose concentration. A blood‐to‐fluid glucose (BFG) difference > 20 mg/dL was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion in dogs. In 7 dogs in which it was evaluated, a blood‐to‐fluid lactate (BFL) difference < −2.0 mmol/L was also 100% sensitive and specific for a diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion. In cats, the BFG difference was 86% sensitive and 100% specific for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis. In dogs and cats, the BFG difference was more accurate for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.
Conclusions— A concentration difference > 20 mg/dL between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentration provides a rapid and reliable means to differentiate a septic peritoneal effusion from a nonseptic peritoneal effusion in dogs and cats.
Clinical Relevance— The difference between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentrations should be used as a more reliable diagnostic indicator of septic peritoneal effusion than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0161-3499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-950X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1053/jvet.2003.50005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12692761</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Ascitic Fluid - metabolism ; Bacteremia - diagnosis ; Bacteremia - veterinary ; bicarbonates ; Bicarbonates - blood ; Blood Chemical Analysis - standards ; Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary ; blood chemistry ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Cat Diseases - diagnosis ; Cats ; diagnostic techniques ; Dog Diseases - diagnosis ; Dogs ; glucose ; Glucose - metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; lactates ; Lactic Acid - blood ; peritoneal fluid ; peritonitis ; Peritonitis - diagnosis ; Peritonitis - veterinary ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; sepsis (infection)</subject><ispartof>Veterinary surgery, 2003-03, Vol.32 (2), p.161-166</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2003 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4301-4b6519beb7a24387880da0a36518c11e50ad0bdc67d1b5d2b216aca910a9761d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4301-4b6519beb7a24387880da0a36518c11e50ad0bdc67d1b5d2b216aca910a9761d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1053%2Fjvet.2003.50005$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1053%2Fjvet.2003.50005$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12692761$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bonczynski, J.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ludwig, L.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barton, L.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loar, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peterson, M.E</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentration as a diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats</title><title>Veterinary surgery</title><addtitle>Vet Surg</addtitle><description>Objective— To establish a reliable diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats using pH, bicarbonate, lactate, and glucose concentrations in peritoneal fluid and venous blood.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Eighteen dogs and 12 cats with peritoneal effusion.
Methods— pH, bicarbonate, electrolyte, lactate, and glucose concentrations were measured on 1‐ to 2‐mL samples of venous blood and peritoneal fluid collected at admission. The concentration difference between blood and peritoneal fluid for pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentrations were calculated by subtracting the peritoneal fluid concentration from the blood concentration. Peritoneal fluid was submitted for cytologic examination and bacterial culture. Peritonitis was classified as septic or nonseptic based on cytology and bacterial culture results.
Results— In dogs, with septic effusion, peritoneal fluid glucose concentration was always lower than the blood glucose concentration. A blood‐to‐fluid glucose (BFG) difference > 20 mg/dL was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion in dogs. In 7 dogs in which it was evaluated, a blood‐to‐fluid lactate (BFL) difference < −2.0 mmol/L was also 100% sensitive and specific for a diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion. In cats, the BFG difference was 86% sensitive and 100% specific for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis. In dogs and cats, the BFG difference was more accurate for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.
Conclusions— A concentration difference > 20 mg/dL between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentration provides a rapid and reliable means to differentiate a septic peritoneal effusion from a nonseptic peritoneal effusion in dogs and cats.
Clinical Relevance— The difference between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentrations should be used as a more reliable diagnostic indicator of septic peritoneal effusion than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Ascitic Fluid - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacteremia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Bacteremia - veterinary</subject><subject>bicarbonates</subject><subject>Bicarbonates - blood</subject><subject>Blood Chemical Analysis - standards</subject><subject>Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary</subject><subject>blood chemistry</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Cat Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>diagnostic techniques</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>glucose</subject><subject>Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>lactates</subject><subject>Lactic Acid - blood</subject><subject>peritoneal fluid</subject><subject>peritonitis</subject><subject>Peritonitis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Peritonitis - veterinary</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>sepsis (infection)</subject><issn>0161-3499</issn><issn>1532-950X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1u1DAUhSMEokNhzQ68YtVMr-04P0s0QItUYFEG2Fk3tjO4ZOLUdoC-Dw-KMxnBsivbR985V7rHWfacwpqC4Oc3P01cMwC-FgAgHmQrKjjLGwHfHmYroCXNedE0J9mTEG4S0RQFf5ydUFY2rCrpKvuzcfsRvQ1uIK4jo_E2usFgT7p-sprgoA_i-N34JLa9c0m4PCOtVehbN2A0Z2TXT8qFdJnxHlVMKlFuUGaIHqNN4RgIEm1xN7gQrSLRuTTDeRLMOL-Pk220gdiBaLcLhzSFMTzNHnXYB_PseJ5m23dvP28u86tPF-83r69yVXCgedGWgjataStkBa-rugaNgDyptaLUCEANrVZlpWkrNGsZLVFhQwGbtAzNT7NXS-7o3e1kQpR7G5TpexyMm4KsOK24KPi9IKM8UYwl8HwBlXcheNPJ0ds9-jtJQc4NyrlBOTcoDw0mx4tj9NTujf7PHytLAF-AX7Y3d_flyS_XW3pw5YvLhmh-_3Oh_yHLildCfv14IevqAzDgjXyT-JcL36GTuEsfRG6vGdC0Z2AM6oL_BfYFwcM</recordid><startdate>200303</startdate><enddate>200303</enddate><creator>Bonczynski, J.J</creator><creator>Ludwig, L.L</creator><creator>Barton, L.J</creator><creator>Loar, A</creator><creator>Peterson, M.E</creator><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200303</creationdate><title>Comparison of peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentration as a diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats</title><author>Bonczynski, J.J ; Ludwig, L.L ; Barton, L.J ; Loar, A ; Peterson, M.E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4301-4b6519beb7a24387880da0a36518c11e50ad0bdc67d1b5d2b216aca910a9761d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Ascitic Fluid - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacteremia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Bacteremia - veterinary</topic><topic>bicarbonates</topic><topic>Bicarbonates - blood</topic><topic>Blood Chemical Analysis - standards</topic><topic>Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary</topic><topic>blood chemistry</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Cat Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>diagnostic techniques</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>glucose</topic><topic>Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>lactates</topic><topic>Lactic Acid - blood</topic><topic>peritoneal fluid</topic><topic>peritonitis</topic><topic>Peritonitis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Peritonitis - veterinary</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>sepsis (infection)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bonczynski, J.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ludwig, L.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barton, L.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loar, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peterson, M.E</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Veterinary surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bonczynski, J.J</au><au>Ludwig, L.L</au><au>Barton, L.J</au><au>Loar, A</au><au>Peterson, M.E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentration as a diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary surgery</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Surg</addtitle><date>2003-03</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>161</spage><epage>166</epage><pages>161-166</pages><issn>0161-3499</issn><eissn>1532-950X</eissn><abstract>Objective— To establish a reliable diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats using pH, bicarbonate, lactate, and glucose concentrations in peritoneal fluid and venous blood.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Eighteen dogs and 12 cats with peritoneal effusion.
Methods— pH, bicarbonate, electrolyte, lactate, and glucose concentrations were measured on 1‐ to 2‐mL samples of venous blood and peritoneal fluid collected at admission. The concentration difference between blood and peritoneal fluid for pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentrations were calculated by subtracting the peritoneal fluid concentration from the blood concentration. Peritoneal fluid was submitted for cytologic examination and bacterial culture. Peritonitis was classified as septic or nonseptic based on cytology and bacterial culture results.
Results— In dogs, with septic effusion, peritoneal fluid glucose concentration was always lower than the blood glucose concentration. A blood‐to‐fluid glucose (BFG) difference > 20 mg/dL was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion in dogs. In 7 dogs in which it was evaluated, a blood‐to‐fluid lactate (BFL) difference < −2.0 mmol/L was also 100% sensitive and specific for a diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion. In cats, the BFG difference was 86% sensitive and 100% specific for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis. In dogs and cats, the BFG difference was more accurate for a diagnosis of septic peritonitis than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.
Conclusions— A concentration difference > 20 mg/dL between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentration provides a rapid and reliable means to differentiate a septic peritoneal effusion from a nonseptic peritoneal effusion in dogs and cats.
Clinical Relevance— The difference between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentrations should be used as a more reliable diagnostic indicator of septic peritoneal effusion than peritoneal fluid glucose concentration alone.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Inc</pub><pmid>12692761</pmid><doi>10.1053/jvet.2003.50005</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Veterinary surgery, 2003-03, Vol.32 (2), p.161-166 |
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| subjects | Animals Ascitic Fluid - metabolism Bacteremia - diagnosis Bacteremia - veterinary bicarbonates Bicarbonates - blood Blood Chemical Analysis - standards Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary blood chemistry Blood Glucose - metabolism Cat Diseases - diagnosis Cats diagnostic techniques Dog Diseases - diagnosis Dogs glucose Glucose - metabolism Hydrogen-Ion Concentration lactates Lactic Acid - blood peritoneal fluid peritonitis Peritonitis - diagnosis Peritonitis - veterinary Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity sepsis (infection) |
| title | Comparison of peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood pH, bicarbonate, glucose, and lactate concentration as a diagnostic tool for septic peritonitis in dogs and cats |
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