Isolation and Serotypes of Vero Toxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) from Pigeons and Crows

To clarify the source and route of infection with Vero toxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in humans, we sampled gastrointestinal contents and isolated VTEC from wild birds captured to exterminate harmful birds between August 1997 and January 1998. Pigeons were caught in Sagamiharashi and crows were caught in Sagamihara-shi, Kawasaki-shi, Yokohama-shi, and the Tokyo metropolitan area. The following results were obtained. 1) VTEC was isolated from 32 of 521 birds (6.1%) examined. Among pigeons, VTEC was isolated from 25 of 262 birds (9.5%) captured in Sagamihara-shi. Among crows, VTEC was isolated from 7 of 184 birds (3.8%) captured in Sagamihara-shi, but not isolated from any bird of 11, 4, and 60 birds captured in Yokohama-shi, Kawasaki-shi, and the Tokyo metropolitan area, respectively. 2) Toxin was typed in 33 isolates. There were four VT1-producing isolates (6.5%), 27 VT2-producing isolates (88.7%), and two VT1, VT2-producing isolates (4.8%). 3) The serotypes of the isolates were: O78: H-, 10; O152: H-, 7; O153: H19, 2; O164: H-, 1; O128: H-, 1; O164/143: H-, and O1: HUT, 1. The serotype was unknown in 10 isolates. Among 10 isolates for which the serotype could not be determined, auto-aggregation was observed in one isolate. 4) EaeA was investigated in the 33 isolates, and 31 isolates (93, 9%) possessed eaeA. The above findings showed that strains with same toxin types and serotypes of human diarrheaderived VTEC were isolated from pigeons and crows, and the isolates frequently possessed eaeA, which is considered to have an important association with its pathology, suggesting that birds are involved in VTEC infection in humans as a source of infection.