The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men
The relationship of androgens to the metabolic syndrome has not been resolved. The polymorphic number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene is inversely associated with the transcriptional activity of target genes. This polymorphism might thus influence testosterone effects on body fat co...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetologia 2003, Vol.46 (1), p.31-39 |
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| description | The relationship of androgens to the metabolic syndrome has not been resolved. The polymorphic number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene is inversely associated with the transcriptional activity of target genes. This polymorphism might thus influence testosterone effects on body fat content and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin. The direct and indirect role of androgens within the metabolic syndrome should become clearer if this genetically determined effector is taken into account.
The hypothesis was investigated in a cross-sectional study involving 106 healthy 20-50 year old males.
Multiple regression models showed a positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin (partial r=0.39, 0.36 and 0.28, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00125-002-0980-9 |
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The hypothesis was investigated in a cross-sectional study involving 106 healthy 20-50 year old males.
Multiple regression models showed a positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin (partial r=0.39, 0.36 and 0.28, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Factor analysis yielded a five-dimensional model: two dimensions were influenced by the androgen receptor polymorphism, namely "body composition" which consisted of leptin, body fat mass, insulin, the number of CAG repeats (positive loadings) and physical activity (negative loading), and "lipid profile" which comprised low density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, triglycerides (positive loadings) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol and number of CAG repeats (negative loadings).
A low number of CAG repeats were independently associated with protective parameters (low body fat mass and plasma insulin) as well as with adverse parameters (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations). This suggests that the pivotal role of this polymorphism in modulating androgen effects on cardiovascular risk factors is of a complex nature and implies that its clinical impact, similar to that of androgens, is dependent on exogenous cofactors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-186X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0428</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-0980-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12637980</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Springer</publisher><subject>Adipose Tissue - anatomy & histology ; Adult ; Androgens ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body fat ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Confounding (Statistics) ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genes ; High density lipoprotein ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Insulin - blood ; Insulin resistance ; Leptin - blood ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Medicine ; Metabolic syndrome ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Osmolar Concentration ; Polymorphism ; Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics ; Receptors, Androgen - genetics ; Reference Values ; Regression Analysis ; Reproductive health ; Risk factors ; Smoking ; Testosterone ; Triglycerides - blood ; Trinucleotide Repeats</subject><ispartof>Diabetologia, 2003, Vol.46 (1), p.31-39</ispartof><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Springer-Verlag 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-9dd0eab88bdbff0f3b7108add36dbe905ed06040145e3980aed4e4048b2374223</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4010,27900,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14598893$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637980$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>ZITZMANN, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GROMOLL, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VON ECKARDSTEIN, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NIESCHLAG, E</creatorcontrib><title>The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men</title><title>Diabetologia</title><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><description>The relationship of androgens to the metabolic syndrome has not been resolved. The polymorphic number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene is inversely associated with the transcriptional activity of target genes. This polymorphism might thus influence testosterone effects on body fat content and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin. The direct and indirect role of androgens within the metabolic syndrome should become clearer if this genetically determined effector is taken into account.
The hypothesis was investigated in a cross-sectional study involving 106 healthy 20-50 year old males.
Multiple regression models showed a positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin (partial r=0.39, 0.36 and 0.28, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Factor analysis yielded a five-dimensional model: two dimensions were influenced by the androgen receptor polymorphism, namely "body composition" which consisted of leptin, body fat mass, insulin, the number of CAG repeats (positive loadings) and physical activity (negative loading), and "lipid profile" which comprised low density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, triglycerides (positive loadings) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol and number of CAG repeats (negative loadings).
A low number of CAG repeats were independently associated with protective parameters (low body fat mass and plasma insulin) as well as with adverse parameters (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations). This suggests that the pivotal role of this polymorphism in modulating androgen effects on cardiovascular risk factors is of a complex nature and implies that its clinical impact, similar to that of androgens, is dependent on exogenous cofactors.</description><subject>Adipose Tissue - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Androgens</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Confounding (Statistics)</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Insulin - blood</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Leptin - blood</subject><subject>Lipoproteins</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Organ Size</subject><subject>Osmolar Concentration</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Androgen - genetics</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Reproductive health</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Trinucleotide Repeats</subject><issn>0012-186X</issn><issn>1432-0428</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkd-K1TAQxoMo7nH1AbyRIOhddfKnbXq5HHQVFrxZwbuQNlO3S5PUTHtxnsDXNuUcWBAGMsP8vo8JH2NvBXwSAO1nAhCyrgBkBZ2BqnvGDkKrMmlpnrPDvq6EaX5dsVdEjwCgat28ZFdCNqotigP7e_-A_HhzyzMu6Fa-pPkUUl4eJgp8inwtaxd9Tr8xFmbAZU2ZlwF5SH6b3YrE--RPfCzq4Ih2nBPmLfAhxQHjmt06pUg8jXwu-uK6I1OkbS59qYDxNXsxupnwzeW9Zj-_frk_fqvuftx-P97cVYPq2rXqvAd0vTG978cRRtW3AozzXjW-xw5q9NCABqFrVOWDDr1GDdr0UrVaSnXNPp59l5z-bEirDRMNOM8uYtrItgqMbDQU8P1_4GPaciy3WSmUqYUwOyTO0JATUcbRLnkKLp-sALtHZM8R2RKR3SOyXdG8uxhvfUD_pLhkUoAPF8DR4OYxuzhM9MTpujOmU-ofmjGanQ</recordid><startdate>2003</startdate><enddate>2003</enddate><creator>ZITZMANN, M</creator><creator>GROMOLL, J</creator><creator>VON ECKARDSTEIN, A</creator><creator>NIESCHLAG, E</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2003</creationdate><title>The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men</title><author>ZITZMANN, M ; GROMOLL, J ; VON ECKARDSTEIN, A ; NIESCHLAG, E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-9dd0eab88bdbff0f3b7108add36dbe905ed06040145e3980aed4e4048b2374223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Adipose Tissue - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Androgens</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</topic><topic>Confounding (Statistics)</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Factor Analysis, Statistical</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>High density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Insulin - blood</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Leptin - blood</topic><topic>Lipoproteins</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Organ Size</topic><topic>Osmolar Concentration</topic><topic>Polymorphism</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Androgen - genetics</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Reproductive health</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Trinucleotide Repeats</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>ZITZMANN, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GROMOLL, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VON ECKARDSTEIN, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NIESCHLAG, E</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>ZITZMANN, M</au><au>GROMOLL, J</au><au>VON ECKARDSTEIN, A</au><au>NIESCHLAG, E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men</atitle><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><date>2003</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>31</spage><epage>39</epage><pages>31-39</pages><issn>0012-186X</issn><eissn>1432-0428</eissn><abstract>The relationship of androgens to the metabolic syndrome has not been resolved. The polymorphic number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene is inversely associated with the transcriptional activity of target genes. This polymorphism might thus influence testosterone effects on body fat content and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin. The direct and indirect role of androgens within the metabolic syndrome should become clearer if this genetically determined effector is taken into account.
The hypothesis was investigated in a cross-sectional study involving 106 healthy 20-50 year old males.
Multiple regression models showed a positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin (partial r=0.39, 0.36 and 0.28, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Factor analysis yielded a five-dimensional model: two dimensions were influenced by the androgen receptor polymorphism, namely "body composition" which consisted of leptin, body fat mass, insulin, the number of CAG repeats (positive loadings) and physical activity (negative loading), and "lipid profile" which comprised low density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, triglycerides (positive loadings) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol and number of CAG repeats (negative loadings).
A low number of CAG repeats were independently associated with protective parameters (low body fat mass and plasma insulin) as well as with adverse parameters (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations). This suggests that the pivotal role of this polymorphism in modulating androgen effects on cardiovascular risk factors is of a complex nature and implies that its clinical impact, similar to that of androgens, is dependent on exogenous cofactors.</abstract><cop>Berlin</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>12637980</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00125-002-0980-9</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adipose Tissue - anatomy & histology Adult Androgens Biological and medical sciences Body fat Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL - blood Confounding (Statistics) Cross-Sectional Studies Exercise Factor Analysis, Statistical Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes High density lipoprotein Humans Hypotheses Insulin - blood Insulin resistance Leptin - blood Lipoproteins Male Medicine Metabolic syndrome Middle Aged Organ Size Osmolar Concentration Polymorphism Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics Receptors, Androgen - genetics Reference Values Regression Analysis Reproductive health Risk factors Smoking Testosterone Triglycerides - blood Trinucleotide Repeats |
| title | The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men |
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