EMF Genes Maintain Vegetative Development by Repressing the Flower Program in Arabidopsis
The EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes EMF1 and EMF2 are required to maintain vegetative development and repress flower development. EMF1 encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, and EMF2 encodes a Polycomb group protein homolog. We examined expression profiles of emf mutants using GeneChip technolog...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Plant cell 2003-03, Vol.15 (3), p.681-693 |
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| container_title | The Plant cell |
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| creator | Moon, Yong-Hwan Chen, Lingjing Pan, Rong Long Chang, Hur-Song Zhu, Tong Maffeo, Daniel M. Sung, Z. Renee |
| description | The EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes EMF1 and EMF2 are required to maintain vegetative development and repress flower development. EMF1 encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, and EMF2 encodes a Polycomb group protein homolog. We examined expression profiles of emf mutants using GeneChip technology. The high degree of overlap in expression changes from the wild type among the emf1 and emf2 mutants was consistent with the functional similarity between the two genes. Expression profiles of emf seedlings before flower development were similar to that of Arabidopsis flowers, indicating the commitment of germinating emf seedlings to the reproductive fate. The germinating emf seedlings ectopically expressed flower organ genes, suggesting that vegetative development in wild-type plants results from EMF repression of the flower program, directly or indirectly. In addition, the seed development program is derepressed in the emf1 mutants. Gene expression analysis showed no clear regulation of CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 by EMF1. Consistent with epistasis results that co, lfy, or ft cannot rescue rosette development in emf mutants, these data show that the mechanism of EMF-mediated repression of flower organ genes is independent of these flowering genes. Based on these findings, a new mechanism of EMF-mediated floral repression is proposed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1105/tpc.007831 |
| format | Article |
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Renee</creator><creatorcontrib>Moon, Yong-Hwan ; Chen, Lingjing ; Pan, Rong Long ; Chang, Hur-Song ; Zhu, Tong ; Maffeo, Daniel M. ; Sung, Z. Renee</creatorcontrib><description>The EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes EMF1 and EMF2 are required to maintain vegetative development and repress flower development. EMF1 encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, and EMF2 encodes a Polycomb group protein homolog. We examined expression profiles of emf mutants using GeneChip technology. The high degree of overlap in expression changes from the wild type among the emf1 and emf2 mutants was consistent with the functional similarity between the two genes. Expression profiles of emf seedlings before flower development were similar to that of Arabidopsis flowers, indicating the commitment of germinating emf seedlings to the reproductive fate. The germinating emf seedlings ectopically expressed flower organ genes, suggesting that vegetative development in wild-type plants results from EMF repression of the flower program, directly or indirectly. In addition, the seed development program is derepressed in the emf1 mutants. Gene expression analysis showed no clear regulation of CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 by EMF1. Consistent with epistasis results that co, lfy, or ft cannot rescue rosette development in emf mutants, these data show that the mechanism of EMF-mediated repression of flower organ genes is independent of these flowering genes. Based on these findings, a new mechanism of EMF-mediated floral repression is proposed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1040-4651</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-298X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1105/tpc.007831</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12615941</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society of Plant Biologists</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; Developmental biology ; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism ; Flowering ; Flowers ; Flowers - genetics ; Flowers - growth & development ; Gene Expression Profiling - methods ; Gene expression regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes ; Glucuronidase - genetics ; Glucuronidase - metabolism ; MADS Domain Proteins - genetics ; MADS Domain Proteins - metabolism ; Mutants ; Mutation ; Plant cells ; Plants ; Repression ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; Seed maturation ; Seedlings ; Seeds - genetics ; Seeds - growth & development ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Transcription Factors - metabolism ; Up-Regulation</subject><ispartof>The Plant cell, 2003-03, Vol.15 (3), p.681-693</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Plant Physiologists Mar 2003</rights><rights>Copyright © 2003, American Society of Plant Biologists 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-f40178e10d3d80cacccab56a95bc3a286ec6a8a2154d7c4dae606b4b8b1bf4f53</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3871803$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3871803$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,778,782,801,883,27907,27908,58000,58233</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12615941$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Moon, Yong-Hwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Lingjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Rong Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Hur-Song</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Tong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maffeo, Daniel M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, Z. Renee</creatorcontrib><title>EMF Genes Maintain Vegetative Development by Repressing the Flower Program in Arabidopsis</title><title>The Plant cell</title><addtitle>Plant Cell</addtitle><description>The EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes EMF1 and EMF2 are required to maintain vegetative development and repress flower development. EMF1 encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, and EMF2 encodes a Polycomb group protein homolog. We examined expression profiles of emf mutants using GeneChip technology. The high degree of overlap in expression changes from the wild type among the emf1 and emf2 mutants was consistent with the functional similarity between the two genes. Expression profiles of emf seedlings before flower development were similar to that of Arabidopsis flowers, indicating the commitment of germinating emf seedlings to the reproductive fate. The germinating emf seedlings ectopically expressed flower organ genes, suggesting that vegetative development in wild-type plants results from EMF repression of the flower program, directly or indirectly. In addition, the seed development program is derepressed in the emf1 mutants. Gene expression analysis showed no clear regulation of CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 by EMF1. Consistent with epistasis results that co, lfy, or ft cannot rescue rosette development in emf mutants, these data show that the mechanism of EMF-mediated repression of flower organ genes is independent of these flowering genes. Based on these findings, a new mechanism of EMF-mediated floral repression is proposed.</description><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Developmental biology</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Flowers</subject><subject>Flowers - genetics</subject><subject>Flowers - growth & development</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling - methods</subject><subject>Gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Glucuronidase - genetics</subject><subject>Glucuronidase - metabolism</subject><subject>MADS Domain Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>MADS Domain Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Mutants</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Plant cells</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Repression</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Seed maturation</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Seeds - genetics</subject><subject>Seeds - growth & development</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><subject>Up-Regulation</subject><issn>1040-4651</issn><issn>1532-298X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1v1DAQxSMEoh9w4YyQ1UMPSCkziZ14DxyqtluQWoEQIDhZtjPZZpXEwfYu6n-Pq6xKy4WDZUvze09v_LLsFcIJIoh3cbInALUs8Um2j6Is8mIhfzxNb-CQ80rgXnYQwhoAsMbF82wPiwrFguN-9vPieskuaaTArnU3xnTYd1pR1LHbEjunLfVuGmiMzNyyLzR5CqEbVyzeEFv27jd59tm7ldcDS9JTr03XuCl04UX2rNV9oJe7-zD7trz4evYhv_p0-fHs9Cq3XPKYtzyFkoTQlI0Eq6212ohKL4SxpS5kRbbSUhcoeFNb3miqoDLcSIOm5a0oD7P3s--0MQM1NkX1uleT7wbtb5XTnXo8GbsbtXJbhQKgKJL-eKf37teGQlRDFyz1vR7JbYKqS6hB1vV_QZQSQfI78OgfcO02fkyfoApMTtXs9naGrHcheGrvEyOou1pVqlXNtSb4zcMd_6K7HhPwegbWITp_Py9ljRLK8g_hPaij</recordid><startdate>20030301</startdate><enddate>20030301</enddate><creator>Moon, Yong-Hwan</creator><creator>Chen, Lingjing</creator><creator>Pan, Rong Long</creator><creator>Chang, Hur-Song</creator><creator>Zhu, Tong</creator><creator>Maffeo, Daniel M.</creator><creator>Sung, Z. 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Renee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>EMF Genes Maintain Vegetative Development by Repressing the Flower Program in Arabidopsis</atitle><jtitle>The Plant cell</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Cell</addtitle><date>2003-03-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>681</spage><epage>693</epage><pages>681-693</pages><issn>1040-4651</issn><eissn>1532-298X</eissn><abstract>The EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes EMF1 and EMF2 are required to maintain vegetative development and repress flower development. EMF1 encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, and EMF2 encodes a Polycomb group protein homolog. We examined expression profiles of emf mutants using GeneChip technology. The high degree of overlap in expression changes from the wild type among the emf1 and emf2 mutants was consistent with the functional similarity between the two genes. Expression profiles of emf seedlings before flower development were similar to that of Arabidopsis flowers, indicating the commitment of germinating emf seedlings to the reproductive fate. The germinating emf seedlings ectopically expressed flower organ genes, suggesting that vegetative development in wild-type plants results from EMF repression of the flower program, directly or indirectly. In addition, the seed development program is derepressed in the emf1 mutants. Gene expression analysis showed no clear regulation of CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 by EMF1. Consistent with epistasis results that co, lfy, or ft cannot rescue rosette development in emf mutants, these data show that the mechanism of EMF-mediated repression of flower organ genes is independent of these flowering genes. Based on these findings, a new mechanism of EMF-mediated floral repression is proposed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>12615941</pmid><doi>10.1105/tpc.007831</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Jstor Complete Legacy; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Developmental biology DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Flowering Flowers Flowers - genetics Flowers - growth & development Gene Expression Profiling - methods Gene expression regulation Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes Glucuronidase - genetics Glucuronidase - metabolism MADS Domain Proteins - genetics MADS Domain Proteins - metabolism Mutants Mutation Plant cells Plants Repression Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA Seed maturation Seedlings Seeds - genetics Seeds - growth & development Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Up-Regulation |
| title | EMF Genes Maintain Vegetative Development by Repressing the Flower Program in Arabidopsis |
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