Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction
We examined the relationship among biventricular hemodynamics, pulmonary regurgitant fraction (PRF), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) aneurysm or akinesia, and baseline and surgical characteristics in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). The precise relationship of pulmonary regurg...
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creator | DAVLOUROS, Periklis A KILNER, Philip J HORNUNG, Tim S WEI LI FRANCIS, Jane M MOON, James C. C SMITH, Gillian C TAT, Tri PENNELL, Dudley J GATZOULIS, Michael A |
description | We examined the relationship among biventricular hemodynamics, pulmonary regurgitant fraction (PRF), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) aneurysm or akinesia, and baseline and surgical characteristics in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF).
The precise relationship of pulmonary regurgitation with biventricular hemodynamics has been hampered by limitations of right ventricular (RV) imaging.
We assessed 85 consecutive adults with rTOF and 26 matched healthy controls using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
Patients had higher right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular mass index (RVMi) (p < 0.001), and lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.002) compared to controls. The PRF (range 0% to 55%) independently predicted RVEDVi (p < 0.01) and the latter predicted RVESVi (p < 0.01) and RVMi (p < 0.01). The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was present in 48/85 (56.9%) of patients and predicted RV volumes (RVEDVi, p = 0.01, and RVESVi, p = 0.03). There was a negative effect of RVOT aneurysm/akinesia and RVMi on RVEF (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). There was only a tendency among patients with transannular or RVOT patching toward RVOT aneurysm/akinesia (p = 0.09). The LVEF correlated with RVEF (r = 0.67, p < 0.001).
Pulmonary regurgitation and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were independently associated with RV dilation and the latter with RV hypertrophy late after rTOF. The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was common but related only in part to RVOT or transannular patching. Both RV hypertrophy and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were associated with lower RVEF. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction correlated with RV dysfunction, suggesting an unfavorable ventricular-ventricular interaction. Measures to maintain or restore pulmonary valve function and avoid RVOT aneurysm/akinesia are mandatory for preserving biventricular function late after rTOF. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02566-4 |
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The precise relationship of pulmonary regurgitation with biventricular hemodynamics has been hampered by limitations of right ventricular (RV) imaging.
We assessed 85 consecutive adults with rTOF and 26 matched healthy controls using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
Patients had higher right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular mass index (RVMi) (p < 0.001), and lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.002) compared to controls. The PRF (range 0% to 55%) independently predicted RVEDVi (p < 0.01) and the latter predicted RVESVi (p < 0.01) and RVMi (p < 0.01). The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was present in 48/85 (56.9%) of patients and predicted RV volumes (RVEDVi, p = 0.01, and RVESVi, p = 0.03). There was a negative effect of RVOT aneurysm/akinesia and RVMi on RVEF (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). There was only a tendency among patients with transannular or RVOT patching toward RVOT aneurysm/akinesia (p = 0.09). The LVEF correlated with RVEF (r = 0.67, p < 0.001).
Pulmonary regurgitation and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were independently associated with RV dilation and the latter with RV hypertrophy late after rTOF. The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was common but related only in part to RVOT or transannular patching. Both RV hypertrophy and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were associated with lower RVEF. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction correlated with RV dysfunction, suggesting an unfavorable ventricular-ventricular interaction. Measures to maintain or restore pulmonary valve function and avoid RVOT aneurysm/akinesia are mandatory for preserving biventricular function late after rTOF.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0735-1097</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-3597</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02566-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12475468</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JACCDI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiology ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures ; Confidence intervals ; Congenital heart diseases. Malformations of the aorta, pulmonary vessels and vena cava ; Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular ; Dyskinesias - diagnosis ; Dyskinesias - physiopathology ; Dyskinesias - surgery ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Aneurysm - diagnosis ; Heart Aneurysm - physiopathology ; Heart Aneurysm - surgery ; Heart attacks ; Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging ; Heart Ventricles - physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles - surgery ; Humans ; London ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary arteries ; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - complications ; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - diagnosis ; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - surgery ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - complications ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - diagnosis ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke Volume - physiology ; Tetralogy of Fallot - diagnosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot - physiopathology ; Tetralogy of Fallot - surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography ; Veins & arteries ; Ventricular Function, Right - physiology ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - surgery</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2002-12, Vol.40 (11), p.2044-2052</ispartof><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Dec 4, 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-1121d096f33ba1d2dd793ba88e0c6d701effe21c8403eed178bd1c4052db9d193</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14385486$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12475468$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>DAVLOUROS, Periklis A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KILNER, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HORNUNG, Tim S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WEI LI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRANCIS, Jane M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MOON, James C. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SMITH, Gillian C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAT, Tri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PENNELL, Dudley J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GATZOULIS, Michael A</creatorcontrib><title>Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction</title><title>Journal of the American College of Cardiology</title><addtitle>J Am Coll Cardiol</addtitle><description><![CDATA[We examined the relationship among biventricular hemodynamics, pulmonary regurgitant fraction (PRF), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) aneurysm or akinesia, and baseline and surgical characteristics in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF).
The precise relationship of pulmonary regurgitation with biventricular hemodynamics has been hampered by limitations of right ventricular (RV) imaging.
We assessed 85 consecutive adults with rTOF and 26 matched healthy controls using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
Patients had higher right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular mass index (RVMi) (p < 0.001), and lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.002) compared to controls. The PRF (range 0% to 55%) independently predicted RVEDVi (p < 0.01) and the latter predicted RVESVi (p < 0.01) and RVMi (p < 0.01). The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was present in 48/85 (56.9%) of patients and predicted RV volumes (RVEDVi, p = 0.01, and RVESVi, p = 0.03). There was a negative effect of RVOT aneurysm/akinesia and RVMi on RVEF (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). There was only a tendency among patients with transannular or RVOT patching toward RVOT aneurysm/akinesia (p = 0.09). The LVEF correlated with RVEF (r = 0.67, p < 0.001).
Pulmonary regurgitation and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were independently associated with RV dilation and the latter with RV hypertrophy late after rTOF. The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was common but related only in part to RVOT or transannular patching. Both RV hypertrophy and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were associated with lower RVEF. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction correlated with RV dysfunction, suggesting an unfavorable ventricular-ventricular interaction. Measures to maintain or restore pulmonary valve function and avoid RVOT aneurysm/akinesia are mandatory for preserving biventricular function late after rTOF.]]></description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Congenital heart diseases. Malformations of the aorta, pulmonary vessels and vena cava</subject><subject>Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Dyskinesias - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dyskinesias - physiopathology</subject><subject>Dyskinesias - surgery</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart Aneurysm - diagnosis</subject><subject>Heart Aneurysm - physiopathology</subject><subject>Heart Aneurysm - surgery</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - physiopathology</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - surgery</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>London</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Pulmonary arteries</subject><subject>Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - complications</subject><subject>Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - surgery</subject><subject>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - complications</subject><subject>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Stroke Volume - physiology</subject><subject>Tetralogy of Fallot - diagnosis</subject><subject>Tetralogy of Fallot - physiopathology</subject><subject>Tetralogy of Fallot - surgery</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Ultrasonography</subject><subject>Veins & arteries</subject><subject>Ventricular Function, Right - physiology</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - surgery</subject><issn>0735-1097</issn><issn>1558-3597</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNplke2LVCEUhyWKdtr6EwohivpwS6_Xl9u32NoKFoJePl8cPc66eXVS7yzzh_c9a6aiAkE5PD7-zhGh-5Q8o4SK5x-JZLyjZJRPSP-U9FyIbriBVpRz1TE-ypto9Rs5QXdKuSKECEXH2-iE9oPkg1Ar9O2D31xWvINYszdL0Bm7JZrqU8Q-Ym2XUAu-9vUSZ9hqn8HiCjXrkDZ7nBw-1yGkinUp0JY9oEZn69NOl4Nx1psI1ZumKCnqaAD7VvNx8wK_ajI_t-d1wDkF-OHM_2VKS3UhXWMdYcn7MhecMtZffITidavalnQHucDhbldTF8D97fCxQtY_W7uLbjkdCtw77qfo8_nrT2dvu4v3b96dvbzoDOOsdpT21JJROMbWmtreWjm2k1JAjLCSUHAOemrUQBiApVKtLTUD4b1dj5aO7BQ9Pni3OX1doNRp9sVACK2PtJRJ9pILpmQDH_4DXqUlx5ZtopwI2o9cqkY9OFLLegY7bdvkdN5Pv76zAY-OQBu9Di63WfvyhxuY4oMS7DvVhLhG</recordid><startdate>20021204</startdate><enddate>20021204</enddate><creator>DAVLOUROS, Periklis A</creator><creator>KILNER, Philip J</creator><creator>HORNUNG, Tim S</creator><creator>WEI LI</creator><creator>FRANCIS, Jane M</creator><creator>MOON, James C. C</creator><creator>SMITH, Gillian C</creator><creator>TAT, Tri</creator><creator>PENNELL, Dudley J</creator><creator>GATZOULIS, Michael A</creator><general>Elsevier Science</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021204</creationdate><title>Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction</title><author>DAVLOUROS, Periklis A ; KILNER, Philip J ; HORNUNG, Tim S ; WEI LI ; FRANCIS, Jane M ; MOON, James C. C ; SMITH, Gillian C ; TAT, Tri ; PENNELL, Dudley J ; GATZOULIS, Michael A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-1121d096f33ba1d2dd793ba88e0c6d701effe21c8403eed178bd1c4052db9d193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Congenital heart diseases. Malformations of the aorta, pulmonary vessels and vena cava</topic><topic>Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Dyskinesias - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dyskinesias - physiopathology</topic><topic>Dyskinesias - surgery</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart Aneurysm - diagnosis</topic><topic>Heart Aneurysm - physiopathology</topic><topic>Heart Aneurysm - surgery</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - physiopathology</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - surgery</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>London</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Pulmonary arteries</topic><topic>Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - complications</topic><topic>Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - surgery</topic><topic>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - complications</topic><topic>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Stroke Volume - physiology</topic><topic>Tetralogy of Fallot - diagnosis</topic><topic>Tetralogy of Fallot - physiopathology</topic><topic>Tetralogy of Fallot - surgery</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Ultrasonography</topic><topic>Veins & arteries</topic><topic>Ventricular Function, Right - physiology</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - surgery</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>DAVLOUROS, Periklis A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KILNER, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HORNUNG, Tim S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WEI LI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRANCIS, Jane M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MOON, James C. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SMITH, Gillian C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAT, Tri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PENNELL, Dudley J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GATZOULIS, Michael A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American College of Cardiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>DAVLOUROS, Periklis A</au><au>KILNER, Philip J</au><au>HORNUNG, Tim S</au><au>WEI LI</au><au>FRANCIS, Jane M</au><au>MOON, James C. C</au><au>SMITH, Gillian C</au><au>TAT, Tri</au><au>PENNELL, Dudley J</au><au>GATZOULIS, Michael A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American College of Cardiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Coll Cardiol</addtitle><date>2002-12-04</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2044</spage><epage>2052</epage><pages>2044-2052</pages><issn>0735-1097</issn><eissn>1558-3597</eissn><coden>JACCDI</coden><abstract><![CDATA[We examined the relationship among biventricular hemodynamics, pulmonary regurgitant fraction (PRF), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) aneurysm or akinesia, and baseline and surgical characteristics in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF).
The precise relationship of pulmonary regurgitation with biventricular hemodynamics has been hampered by limitations of right ventricular (RV) imaging.
We assessed 85 consecutive adults with rTOF and 26 matched healthy controls using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
Patients had higher right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RVESVi) (p < 0.001), right ventricular mass index (RVMi) (p < 0.001), and lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.002) compared to controls. The PRF (range 0% to 55%) independently predicted RVEDVi (p < 0.01) and the latter predicted RVESVi (p < 0.01) and RVMi (p < 0.01). The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was present in 48/85 (56.9%) of patients and predicted RV volumes (RVEDVi, p = 0.01, and RVESVi, p = 0.03). There was a negative effect of RVOT aneurysm/akinesia and RVMi on RVEF (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). There was only a tendency among patients with transannular or RVOT patching toward RVOT aneurysm/akinesia (p = 0.09). The LVEF correlated with RVEF (r = 0.67, p < 0.001).
Pulmonary regurgitation and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were independently associated with RV dilation and the latter with RV hypertrophy late after rTOF. The RVOT aneurysm/akinesia was common but related only in part to RVOT or transannular patching. Both RV hypertrophy and RVOT aneurysm/akinesia were associated with lower RVEF. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction correlated with RV dysfunction, suggesting an unfavorable ventricular-ventricular interaction. Measures to maintain or restore pulmonary valve function and avoid RVOT aneurysm/akinesia are mandatory for preserving biventricular function late after rTOF.]]></abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Science</pub><pmid>12475468</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02566-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Cardiology Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures Confidence intervals Congenital heart diseases. Malformations of the aorta, pulmonary vessels and vena cava Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular Dyskinesias - diagnosis Dyskinesias - physiopathology Dyskinesias - surgery Female Heart Heart Aneurysm - diagnosis Heart Aneurysm - physiopathology Heart Aneurysm - surgery Heart attacks Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging Heart Ventricles - physiopathology Heart Ventricles - surgery Humans London Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mortality Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - complications Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - diagnosis Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency - surgery Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - complications Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - diagnosis Pulmonary Valve Stenosis - physiopathology Severity of Illness Index Stroke Volume - physiology Tetralogy of Fallot - diagnosis Tetralogy of Fallot - physiopathology Tetralogy of Fallot - surgery Treatment Outcome Ultrasonography Veins & arteries Ventricular Function, Right - physiology Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - surgery |
title | Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: Detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction |
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