Comparison of smoked marijuana and oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans
Although smoked marijuana contains at least 60 cannabinoids, delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC) is presumed to be the cannabinoid primarily responsible for many marijuana-related effects, including increased food intake and subjective effects. Yet, there has been no systematic comparison o...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Psychopharmacology 2002-12, Vol.164 (4), p.407-415 |
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description | Although smoked marijuana contains at least 60 cannabinoids, delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC) is presumed to be the cannabinoid primarily responsible for many marijuana-related effects, including increased food intake and subjective effects. Yet, there has been no systematic comparison of repeated doses of oral delta(9)-THC with repeated doses of smoked marijuana in the same individuals.
To compare the effects of oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana in humans under controlled laboratory conditions.
Eleven healthy research volunteers, who reported smoking an average of six marijuana cigarettes per day, completed an 18-day residential study. Marijuana cigarettes (3.1% delta(9)-THC, q.i.d.) were smoked or delta(9)-THC (20 mg, q.i.d.) was taken orally using a staggered, double-blind, double-dummy procedure for three consecutive days. Four days of placebo administration separated each active drug condition. Psychomotor task performance, subjective effects, and food intake were measured throughout the day.
Relative to placebo baseline, oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana produced similar subjective-effect ratings (e.g., "high" and "mellow"), although some effects of smoked marijuana were more pronounced and less prone to the development of tolerance. Additionally, participants reported "negative" subjective effects (e.g., "irritable" and "miserable") during the days after smoking marijuana but not after oral delta(9)-THC. Both drugs increased food intake for 3 days of drug administration, but had little effect on psychomotor performance.
These results indicate that the behavioral profile of effects of smoked marijuana (3.1% delta(9)-THC) is similar to the effects of oral delta(9)-THC (20 mg), with some subtle differences. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00213-002-1231-y |
format | Article |
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To compare the effects of oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana in humans under controlled laboratory conditions.
Eleven healthy research volunteers, who reported smoking an average of six marijuana cigarettes per day, completed an 18-day residential study. Marijuana cigarettes (3.1% delta(9)-THC, q.i.d.) were smoked or delta(9)-THC (20 mg, q.i.d.) was taken orally using a staggered, double-blind, double-dummy procedure for three consecutive days. Four days of placebo administration separated each active drug condition. Psychomotor task performance, subjective effects, and food intake were measured throughout the day.
Relative to placebo baseline, oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana produced similar subjective-effect ratings (e.g., "high" and "mellow"), although some effects of smoked marijuana were more pronounced and less prone to the development of tolerance. Additionally, participants reported "negative" subjective effects (e.g., "irritable" and "miserable") during the days after smoking marijuana but not after oral delta(9)-THC. Both drugs increased food intake for 3 days of drug administration, but had little effect on psychomotor performance.
These results indicate that the behavioral profile of effects of smoked marijuana (3.1% delta(9)-THC) is similar to the effects of oral delta(9)-THC (20 mg), with some subtle differences.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3158</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00213-002-1231-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12457271</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany</publisher><subject>Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Attention - drug effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Dronabinol - administration & dosage ; Drug Tolerance ; Eating - drug effects ; Euphoria - drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Mood - drug effects ; Male ; Marijuana Smoking - psychology ; Psychomotor Performance - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Psychopharmacology, 2002-12, Vol.164 (4), p.407-415</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,27931,27932</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12457271$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hart, Carl L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Amie S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haney, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Comer, Sandra D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foltin, Richard W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischman, Marian W</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of smoked marijuana and oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans</title><title>Psychopharmacology</title><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><description>Although smoked marijuana contains at least 60 cannabinoids, delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC) is presumed to be the cannabinoid primarily responsible for many marijuana-related effects, including increased food intake and subjective effects. Yet, there has been no systematic comparison of repeated doses of oral delta(9)-THC with repeated doses of smoked marijuana in the same individuals.
To compare the effects of oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana in humans under controlled laboratory conditions.
Eleven healthy research volunteers, who reported smoking an average of six marijuana cigarettes per day, completed an 18-day residential study. Marijuana cigarettes (3.1% delta(9)-THC, q.i.d.) were smoked or delta(9)-THC (20 mg, q.i.d.) was taken orally using a staggered, double-blind, double-dummy procedure for three consecutive days. Four days of placebo administration separated each active drug condition. Psychomotor task performance, subjective effects, and food intake were measured throughout the day.
Relative to placebo baseline, oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana produced similar subjective-effect ratings (e.g., "high" and "mellow"), although some effects of smoked marijuana were more pronounced and less prone to the development of tolerance. Additionally, participants reported "negative" subjective effects (e.g., "irritable" and "miserable") during the days after smoking marijuana but not after oral delta(9)-THC. Both drugs increased food intake for 3 days of drug administration, but had little effect on psychomotor performance.
These results indicate that the behavioral profile of effects of smoked marijuana (3.1% delta(9)-THC) is similar to the effects of oral delta(9)-THC (20 mg), with some subtle differences.</description><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attention - drug effects</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Dronabinol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Drug Tolerance</subject><subject>Eating - drug effects</subject><subject>Euphoria - drug effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Irritable Mood - drug effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marijuana Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - drug effects</subject><issn>0033-3158</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo1kDtPxDAQhF2AuOPgB9AgVwgKg99OSpTjJZ10DdTRJnZ0ORI7xEmRf48lji12pNG3I80idMPoI6PUPEVKORMkbcK4YGQ5Q2tKhSCCqWyFLmM80jQykxdoxbhUhhu2Rvsi9AOMbQwehwbHPnw7i_vkHGfwgMFbHEbo8NZ1E9znD2Ry0wiHxY6hBu-han3ocOvxYe7Bxyt03kAX3fVJN-jr9eWzeCe7_dtH8bwjA6dmItIKY5SRrmJCg82FyKSWolFQ1drIqma1UBnTXCumJc81y62UlbWuSUeaig26-8sdxvAzuziVfRtr13XgXZhjmdpxmqs8gbcncK56Z8thbFO7pfx_gfgFTxdbZA</recordid><startdate>20021201</startdate><enddate>20021201</enddate><creator>Hart, Carl L</creator><creator>Ward, Amie S</creator><creator>Haney, Margaret</creator><creator>Comer, Sandra D</creator><creator>Foltin, Richard W</creator><creator>Fischman, Marian W</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021201</creationdate><title>Comparison of smoked marijuana and oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans</title><author>Hart, Carl L ; Ward, Amie S ; Haney, Margaret ; Comer, Sandra D ; Foltin, Richard W ; Fischman, Marian W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p207t-4d377574eb136ad93384643f5abc674bc1c3581626516429619d44bddef74e603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Attention - drug effects</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Dronabinol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Drug Tolerance</topic><topic>Eating - drug effects</topic><topic>Euphoria - drug effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Irritable Mood - drug effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marijuana Smoking - psychology</topic><topic>Psychomotor Performance - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hart, Carl L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Amie S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haney, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Comer, Sandra D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foltin, Richard W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischman, Marian W</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hart, Carl L</au><au>Ward, Amie S</au><au>Haney, Margaret</au><au>Comer, Sandra D</au><au>Foltin, Richard W</au><au>Fischman, Marian W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of smoked marijuana and oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans</atitle><jtitle>Psychopharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><date>2002-12-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>164</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>407</spage><epage>415</epage><pages>407-415</pages><issn>0033-3158</issn><abstract>Although smoked marijuana contains at least 60 cannabinoids, delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC) is presumed to be the cannabinoid primarily responsible for many marijuana-related effects, including increased food intake and subjective effects. Yet, there has been no systematic comparison of repeated doses of oral delta(9)-THC with repeated doses of smoked marijuana in the same individuals.
To compare the effects of oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana in humans under controlled laboratory conditions.
Eleven healthy research volunteers, who reported smoking an average of six marijuana cigarettes per day, completed an 18-day residential study. Marijuana cigarettes (3.1% delta(9)-THC, q.i.d.) were smoked or delta(9)-THC (20 mg, q.i.d.) was taken orally using a staggered, double-blind, double-dummy procedure for three consecutive days. Four days of placebo administration separated each active drug condition. Psychomotor task performance, subjective effects, and food intake were measured throughout the day.
Relative to placebo baseline, oral delta(9)-THC and smoked marijuana produced similar subjective-effect ratings (e.g., "high" and "mellow"), although some effects of smoked marijuana were more pronounced and less prone to the development of tolerance. Additionally, participants reported "negative" subjective effects (e.g., "irritable" and "miserable") during the days after smoking marijuana but not after oral delta(9)-THC. Both drugs increased food intake for 3 days of drug administration, but had little effect on psychomotor performance.
These results indicate that the behavioral profile of effects of smoked marijuana (3.1% delta(9)-THC) is similar to the effects of oral delta(9)-THC (20 mg), with some subtle differences.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pmid>12457271</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00213-002-1231-y</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
subjects | Administration, Oral Adult Attention - drug effects Double-Blind Method Dronabinol - administration & dosage Drug Tolerance Eating - drug effects Euphoria - drug effects Female Humans Irritable Mood - drug effects Male Marijuana Smoking - psychology Psychomotor Performance - drug effects |
title | Comparison of smoked marijuana and oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans |
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