Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes during a competitive football game
This study represents the first time that anaerobic power performance was examined during an actual intercollegiate American football game. In addition, biochemical and endocrine responses also were examined to assess the physiological stress imposed by this competitive contest. Twenty-one members o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2002-11, Vol.34 (11), p.1845-1853 |
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| creator | HOFFMAN, Jay R MARESH, Carl M JIE KANG KRAEMER, William J NEWTON, Robert U RUBIN, Martyn R FRENCH, Duncan N VOLEK, Jeff S SUTHERLAND, Jason ROBERTSON, Michael GOMEZ, Ana L RATAMESS, Nicholas A |
| description | This study represents the first time that anaerobic power performance was examined during an actual intercollegiate American football game. In addition, biochemical and endocrine responses also were examined to assess the physiological stress imposed by this competitive contest.
Twenty-one members of a NCAA Division III football team were divided into two groups. Group one (ST) were starters (N = 11). The second group (RS) consisted of red-shirt players (N = 10). Blood samples were obtained 24 h (Pre1) and 2.5 h (Pre2) before the game and within 15 min of game conclusion (IP). Anaerobic power measures were recorded approximately 10 min before kickoff (pre) and following the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quarters.
Peak force (PF) and power (PP) in both squat and countermovement jumps decreased (P < 0.05) from pre to Q2 in both ST and RS; however, all variables returned to baseline levels by Q4. When averaged across trials, PF and PP in both jumps were greater (P < 0.05) in ST than RS. No significant changes in testosterone concentrations with respect to time or between groups were seen. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for ST at IP than RS. No significant changes in creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, or uric acid were observed in either group from Pre2 to IP. In addition, no between group differences were seen in these variables. Myoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased from Pre2 to IP in ST, and a significant difference in myoglobin concentrations was seen between the groups at IP.
Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes in these NCAA Division III football players reflected the stress and muscle damage that occurs as a result of a competitive American football game. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00023 |
| format | Article |
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Twenty-one members of a NCAA Division III football team were divided into two groups. Group one (ST) were starters (N = 11). The second group (RS) consisted of red-shirt players (N = 10). Blood samples were obtained 24 h (Pre1) and 2.5 h (Pre2) before the game and within 15 min of game conclusion (IP). Anaerobic power measures were recorded approximately 10 min before kickoff (pre) and following the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quarters.
Peak force (PF) and power (PP) in both squat and countermovement jumps decreased (P < 0.05) from pre to Q2 in both ST and RS; however, all variables returned to baseline levels by Q4. When averaged across trials, PF and PP in both jumps were greater (P < 0.05) in ST than RS. No significant changes in testosterone concentrations with respect to time or between groups were seen. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for ST at IP than RS. No significant changes in creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, or uric acid were observed in either group from Pre2 to IP. In addition, no between group differences were seen in these variables. Myoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased from Pre2 to IP in ST, and a significant difference in myoglobin concentrations was seen between the groups at IP.
Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes in these NCAA Division III football players reflected the stress and muscle damage that occurs as a result of a competitive American football game.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-9131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00023</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12439092</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MSPEDA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Competitive Behavior ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Football - physiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Male ; Physical Endurance - physiology ; Probability ; Radioimmunoassay ; Space life sciences ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Testosterone - blood ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><ispartof>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2002-11, Vol.34 (11), p.1845-1853</ispartof><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c422t-fe0be55965be93c9c7e5e7ad5ca1c4a1d66c4754737e0efd7d133a5bb0ad10a83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c422t-fe0be55965be93c9c7e5e7ad5ca1c4a1d66c4754737e0efd7d133a5bb0ad10a83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14020788$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12439092$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>HOFFMAN, Jay R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MARESH, Carl M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JIE KANG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KRAEMER, William J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NEWTON, Robert U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RUBIN, Martyn R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRENCH, Duncan N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VOLEK, Jeff S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUTHERLAND, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ROBERTSON, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GOMEZ, Ana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RATAMESS, Nicholas A</creatorcontrib><title>Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes during a competitive football game</title><title>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</title><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><description>This study represents the first time that anaerobic power performance was examined during an actual intercollegiate American football game. In addition, biochemical and endocrine responses also were examined to assess the physiological stress imposed by this competitive contest.
Twenty-one members of a NCAA Division III football team were divided into two groups. Group one (ST) were starters (N = 11). The second group (RS) consisted of red-shirt players (N = 10). Blood samples were obtained 24 h (Pre1) and 2.5 h (Pre2) before the game and within 15 min of game conclusion (IP). Anaerobic power measures were recorded approximately 10 min before kickoff (pre) and following the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quarters.
Peak force (PF) and power (PP) in both squat and countermovement jumps decreased (P < 0.05) from pre to Q2 in both ST and RS; however, all variables returned to baseline levels by Q4. When averaged across trials, PF and PP in both jumps were greater (P < 0.05) in ST than RS. No significant changes in testosterone concentrations with respect to time or between groups were seen. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for ST at IP than RS. No significant changes in creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, or uric acid were observed in either group from Pre2 to IP. In addition, no between group differences were seen in these variables. Myoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased from Pre2 to IP in ST, and a significant difference in myoglobin concentrations was seen between the groups at IP.
Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes in these NCAA Division III football players reflected the stress and muscle damage that occurs as a result of a competitive American football game.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Chemical Analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Competitive Behavior</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Football - physiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Physical Endurance - physiology</subject><subject>Probability</subject><subject>Radioimmunoassay</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Task Performance and Analysis</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><issn>0195-9131</issn><issn>1530-0315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1LxDAQhoMo7rr6FyQXPVnNJM2mPYr4BYIiei7TZLpbaZs16Qr-e6OuenRgGF54ZgYexjiIUxClOROptJkXmRRCAqSUpZZqi01BqxQU6G02FVDqrAQFE7YX40tCjFKwyyYgc1WKUk7Z4wOFxoceB0snvG69XVLfWuxOOA6O0-C8De1A3C5xWFDkbp3igiO3vl_R2I7tG_HG-7HGruML7Gmf7TTYRTrYzBl7vrp8urjJ7u6vby_O7zKbSzlmDYmatC7nuqZS2dIa0mTQaYtgcwQ3n9vc6NwoQ4IaZxwohbquBToQWKgZO_6-uwr-dU1xrPo2Wuo6HMivY2WkSZYE_AtCobVUSc2MFd-gDT7GQE21Cm2P4b0CUX2Kr37EV7_iqy_xafVw82Nd9-T-FjemE3C0ATAmvU1Ixtv4x-VCClMU6gPxOosv</recordid><startdate>20021101</startdate><enddate>20021101</enddate><creator>HOFFMAN, Jay R</creator><creator>MARESH, Carl M</creator><creator>JIE KANG</creator><creator>KRAEMER, William J</creator><creator>NEWTON, Robert U</creator><creator>RUBIN, Martyn R</creator><creator>FRENCH, Duncan N</creator><creator>VOLEK, Jeff S</creator><creator>SUTHERLAND, Jason</creator><creator>ROBERTSON, Michael</creator><creator>GOMEZ, Ana L</creator><creator>RATAMESS, Nicholas A</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021101</creationdate><title>Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes during a competitive football game</title><author>HOFFMAN, Jay R ; MARESH, Carl M ; JIE KANG ; KRAEMER, William J ; NEWTON, Robert U ; RUBIN, Martyn R ; FRENCH, Duncan N ; VOLEK, Jeff S ; SUTHERLAND, Jason ; ROBERTSON, Michael ; GOMEZ, Ana L ; RATAMESS, Nicholas A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c422t-fe0be55965be93c9c7e5e7ad5ca1c4a1d66c4754737e0efd7d133a5bb0ad10a83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Chemical Analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Competitive Behavior</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Football - physiology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Physical Endurance - physiology</topic><topic>Probability</topic><topic>Radioimmunoassay</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Task Performance and Analysis</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>HOFFMAN, Jay R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MARESH, Carl M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JIE KANG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KRAEMER, William J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NEWTON, Robert U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RUBIN, Martyn R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRENCH, Duncan N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VOLEK, Jeff S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUTHERLAND, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ROBERTSON, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GOMEZ, Ana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RATAMESS, Nicholas A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>HOFFMAN, Jay R</au><au>MARESH, Carl M</au><au>JIE KANG</au><au>KRAEMER, William J</au><au>NEWTON, Robert U</au><au>RUBIN, Martyn R</au><au>FRENCH, Duncan N</au><au>VOLEK, Jeff S</au><au>SUTHERLAND, Jason</au><au>ROBERTSON, Michael</au><au>GOMEZ, Ana L</au><au>RATAMESS, Nicholas A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes during a competitive football game</atitle><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><date>2002-11-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1845</spage><epage>1853</epage><pages>1845-1853</pages><issn>0195-9131</issn><eissn>1530-0315</eissn><coden>MSPEDA</coden><abstract>This study represents the first time that anaerobic power performance was examined during an actual intercollegiate American football game. In addition, biochemical and endocrine responses also were examined to assess the physiological stress imposed by this competitive contest.
Twenty-one members of a NCAA Division III football team were divided into two groups. Group one (ST) were starters (N = 11). The second group (RS) consisted of red-shirt players (N = 10). Blood samples were obtained 24 h (Pre1) and 2.5 h (Pre2) before the game and within 15 min of game conclusion (IP). Anaerobic power measures were recorded approximately 10 min before kickoff (pre) and following the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quarters.
Peak force (PF) and power (PP) in both squat and countermovement jumps decreased (P < 0.05) from pre to Q2 in both ST and RS; however, all variables returned to baseline levels by Q4. When averaged across trials, PF and PP in both jumps were greater (P < 0.05) in ST than RS. No significant changes in testosterone concentrations with respect to time or between groups were seen. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for ST at IP than RS. No significant changes in creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, or uric acid were observed in either group from Pre2 to IP. In addition, no between group differences were seen in these variables. Myoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased from Pre2 to IP in ST, and a significant difference in myoglobin concentrations was seen between the groups at IP.
Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes in these NCAA Division III football players reflected the stress and muscle damage that occurs as a result of a competitive American football game.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>12439092</pmid><doi>10.1097/00005768-200211000-00023</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0195-9131 |
| ispartof | Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2002-11, Vol.34 (11), p.1845-1853 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid LWW Legacy Archive; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Adult Analysis of Variance Biological and medical sciences Blood Chemical Analysis Cohort Studies Competitive Behavior Energy Metabolism - physiology Football - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Hydrocortisone - blood Male Physical Endurance - physiology Probability Radioimmunoassay Space life sciences Task Performance and Analysis Testosterone - blood Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports |
| title | Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes during a competitive football game |
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