Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: II. Evidence for central mediation
Rats spinally transected at the second thoracic vertebra can learn to maintain their leg in a flexed position if they receive legshock for extending the limb. These rats display an increase in the duration of a flexion response that minimizes net shock exposure. The current set of experiments was de...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Physiology & behavior 2002-11, Vol.77 (2), p.259-267 |
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| creator | Crown, Eric D Ferguson, Adam R Joynes, Robin L Grau, James W |
| description | Rats spinally transected at the second thoracic vertebra can learn to maintain their leg in a flexed position if they receive legshock for extending the limb. These rats display an increase in the duration of a flexion response that minimizes net shock exposure. The current set of experiments was designed to determine whether the acquisition of this behavioral response is mediated by the neurons of the spinal cord (i.e., is centrally mediated) or reflects a peripheral modification (e.g., a change in muscle tension). Experiment 1 found that preventing information from reaching the spinal cord by severing the sciatic nerve blocked the acquisition of this behavioral response. Spinalized rats also failed to learn if the spinal cord was anesthetized with lidocaine during exposure to response-contingent shock (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 demonstrated that prior exposure to response-contingent shock on one hindleg facilitated acquisition of the response when subjects were later tested on the opposite leg. These findings suggest that acquisition of the instrumental response depends on neurons within the spinal cord. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00859-4 |
| format | Article |
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Experiment 1 found that preventing information from reaching the spinal cord by severing the sciatic nerve blocked the acquisition of this behavioral response. Spinalized rats also failed to learn if the spinal cord was anesthetized with lidocaine during exposure to response-contingent shock (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 demonstrated that prior exposure to response-contingent shock on one hindleg facilitated acquisition of the response when subjects were later tested on the opposite leg. These findings suggest that acquisition of the instrumental response depends on neurons within the spinal cord.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-9384</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-507X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00859-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12419402</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Afferent Pathways - physiology ; Animal ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Central Nervous System - physiopathology ; Conditioning (Psychology) - physiology ; Electroshock ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Injections, Spinal ; Instrumental learning ; Learning ; Learning. Memory ; Leg - innervation ; Leg - physiology ; Lidocaine ; Lidocaine - administration & dosage ; Lidocaine - pharmacology ; Male ; Movement - physiology ; Plasticity ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic nerve ; Sciatic Nerve - physiology ; Sodium Channel Blockers - administration & dosage ; Sodium Channel Blockers - pharmacology ; Spinal cord ; Spinal Cord - physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>Physiology & behavior, 2002-11, Vol.77 (2), p.259-267</ispartof><rights>2002 Elsevier Science Inc.</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00859-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14021037$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12419402$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Crown, Eric D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, Adam R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joynes, Robin L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grau, James W</creatorcontrib><title>Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: II. Evidence for central mediation</title><title>Physiology & behavior</title><addtitle>Physiol Behav</addtitle><description>Rats spinally transected at the second thoracic vertebra can learn to maintain their leg in a flexed position if they receive legshock for extending the limb. These rats display an increase in the duration of a flexion response that minimizes net shock exposure. The current set of experiments was designed to determine whether the acquisition of this behavioral response is mediated by the neurons of the spinal cord (i.e., is centrally mediated) or reflects a peripheral modification (e.g., a change in muscle tension). Experiment 1 found that preventing information from reaching the spinal cord by severing the sciatic nerve blocked the acquisition of this behavioral response. Spinalized rats also failed to learn if the spinal cord was anesthetized with lidocaine during exposure to response-contingent shock (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 demonstrated that prior exposure to response-contingent shock on one hindleg facilitated acquisition of the response when subjects were later tested on the opposite leg. These findings suggest that acquisition of the instrumental response depends on neurons within the spinal cord.</description><subject>Afferent Pathways - physiology</subject><subject>Animal</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Central Nervous System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Conditioning (Psychology) - physiology</subject><subject>Electroshock</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Injections, Spinal</subject><subject>Instrumental learning</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Learning. Memory</subject><subject>Leg - innervation</subject><subject>Leg - physiology</subject><subject>Lidocaine</subject><subject>Lidocaine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Lidocaine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Movement - physiology</subject><subject>Plasticity</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Sciatic nerve</subject><subject>Sciatic Nerve - physiology</subject><subject>Sodium Channel Blockers - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Sodium Channel Blockers - pharmacology</subject><subject>Spinal cord</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - physiopathology</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</subject><issn>0031-9384</issn><issn>1873-507X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1P3DAQBmALUcF2y08A5ULVHrKMP-I4XKoK0TbSSkUqSNwsrz0Bo8RZ7OxW_ff1wrY9di4-zOORZl5CTiksKFB58QOA07LhSnwA9hFAVU0pDsiMqpqXFdT3h2T2lxyTtyk9QS4u-BE5pkzQRgCbkZs2pCluBgyT6YseTQw-PBQ__fToQzE9YpHWPuSWHaO7LNp2UVxvvcNgsejGWNj8Meb2gM6byY_hHXnTmT7hyf6dk7sv17dX38rl96_t1edliZyJqZQroWRllelozVAKAZVdWSNk3biqEtaBYKtagnFQGWissx2KSjHBJbJOWj4n71_nruP4vME06cEni31vAo6bpGsmJXDV_BdSJRkoKTI828PNKq-j19EPJv7Sf46VwfkemGRN30UTrE__XDYUeJ3dp1eHef-tx6iT9buLOR_RTtqNXlPQuxj1S4x6l5EGpl9i1IL_BoXpjOM</recordid><startdate>20021101</startdate><enddate>20021101</enddate><creator>Crown, Eric D</creator><creator>Ferguson, Adam R</creator><creator>Joynes, Robin L</creator><creator>Grau, James W</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021101</creationdate><title>Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: II. Evidence for central mediation</title><author>Crown, Eric D ; Ferguson, Adam R ; Joynes, Robin L ; Grau, James W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-e324t-6b4865c8af172e64405cbca4679d554cd042b760ad05a09cdcfe4582436e2f6c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Afferent Pathways - physiology</topic><topic>Animal</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Central Nervous System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Conditioning (Psychology) - physiology</topic><topic>Electroshock</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Injections, Spinal</topic><topic>Instrumental learning</topic><topic>Learning</topic><topic>Learning. 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Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Sciatic nerve</topic><topic>Sciatic Nerve - physiology</topic><topic>Sodium Channel Blockers - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Sodium Channel Blockers - pharmacology</topic><topic>Spinal cord</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - physiopathology</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crown, Eric D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, Adam R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joynes, Robin L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grau, James W</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Physiology & behavior</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crown, Eric D</au><au>Ferguson, Adam R</au><au>Joynes, Robin L</au><au>Grau, James W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: II. Evidence for central mediation</atitle><jtitle>Physiology & behavior</jtitle><addtitle>Physiol Behav</addtitle><date>2002-11-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>259</spage><epage>267</epage><pages>259-267</pages><issn>0031-9384</issn><eissn>1873-507X</eissn><abstract>Rats spinally transected at the second thoracic vertebra can learn to maintain their leg in a flexed position if they receive legshock for extending the limb. These rats display an increase in the duration of a flexion response that minimizes net shock exposure. The current set of experiments was designed to determine whether the acquisition of this behavioral response is mediated by the neurons of the spinal cord (i.e., is centrally mediated) or reflects a peripheral modification (e.g., a change in muscle tension). Experiment 1 found that preventing information from reaching the spinal cord by severing the sciatic nerve blocked the acquisition of this behavioral response. Spinalized rats also failed to learn if the spinal cord was anesthetized with lidocaine during exposure to response-contingent shock (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 demonstrated that prior exposure to response-contingent shock on one hindleg facilitated acquisition of the response when subjects were later tested on the opposite leg. These findings suggest that acquisition of the instrumental response depends on neurons within the spinal cord.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>12419402</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00859-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Afferent Pathways - physiology Animal Animals Biological and medical sciences Central Nervous System - physiopathology Conditioning (Psychology) - physiology Electroshock Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Injections, Spinal Instrumental learning Learning Learning. Memory Leg - innervation Leg - physiology Lidocaine Lidocaine - administration & dosage Lidocaine - pharmacology Male Movement - physiology Plasticity Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Sciatic nerve Sciatic Nerve - physiology Sodium Channel Blockers - administration & dosage Sodium Channel Blockers - pharmacology Spinal cord Spinal Cord - physiopathology Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology |
| title | Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: II. Evidence for central mediation |
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