The urological complications of renal transplantation: a series of 1535 patients

Objective To determine the incidence of urological complications of renal transplantation at one institution, and relate this to donor and recipient factors. Patients and methods A consecutive series of 1535 renal transplants were audited, and a database of donor and recipient characteristics created for risk‐factor analysis. An unstented Leadbetter‐Politano anastomosis was the preferred method of ureteric reimplantation. Results There were 45 urinary leaks, 54 primary ureteric obstructions, nine cases of ureteric calculi, three bladder stones and 19 cases of bladder outlet obstruction at some time after transplantation. The overall incidence of urological complications was 9.2%, with that for urinary leak or primary ureteric obstruction being 6.5%. One graft was lost because of complications, and there were three deaths associated directly or indirectly with urological complications. There was no association with recipient age, cadaveric vs living‐donor transplants, or cold ischaemic times before organ reimplantation, although the donor age was slightly higher in cases of urinary leak. There was no association with kidneys imported via the UK national organ‐sharing scheme vs the use of local kidneys. The management of these complications is discussed. Conclusion The incidence of urological complications in this series has remained essentially unchanged for 20 years. The causes of these complications and techniques for their prevention are discussed.