Pathology of lymphoid organs with emphasis on immunosuppression
A review of the literature is presented to include recent diagnostic and research histopathology accessions from poultry produced on the Delmarva peninsula region of the U.S.A. Emphasis is placed on immunosuppression (IS) and pathology of primary lymphoid organs of the chicken. The evolutionary rela...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 1991, Vol.30 (1), p.31-44 |
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| container_title | Veterinary immunology and immunopathology |
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| creator | Pope, Conrad R. |
| description | A review of the literature is presented to include recent diagnostic and research histopathology accessions from poultry produced on the Delmarva peninsula region of the U.S.A. Emphasis is placed on immunosuppression (IS) and pathology of primary lymphoid organs of the chicken. The evolutionary relationship of the avian and mammalian lymphoid systems is based on a common reptilian past with 160 million years of evolutionary dichotomy. Four methods used to assess IS anatomically include: (1) recognition of marked reduction of lymphocytes in both primary and secondary lymphoid organs; (2) recognition of diseases commonly associated with IS; (3) recognition of known immunosuppressive diseases; (4) germinal center enumeration. An experimental method of qualifying and quantifying IS related to single or multiple insults is explored through the use of germinal center enumeration. The effect of stress and inanition on avian lymphocytes must be considered in histological evaluations as chickens are a steroid sensitive species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90006-X |
| format | Article |
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Emphasis is placed on immunosuppression (IS) and pathology of primary lymphoid organs of the chicken. The evolutionary relationship of the avian and mammalian lymphoid systems is based on a common reptilian past with 160 million years of evolutionary dichotomy. Four methods used to assess IS anatomically include: (1) recognition of marked reduction of lymphocytes in both primary and secondary lymphoid organs; (2) recognition of diseases commonly associated with IS; (3) recognition of known immunosuppressive diseases; (4) germinal center enumeration. An experimental method of qualifying and quantifying IS related to single or multiple insults is explored through the use of germinal center enumeration. 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Emphasis is placed on immunosuppression (IS) and pathology of primary lymphoid organs of the chicken. The evolutionary relationship of the avian and mammalian lymphoid systems is based on a common reptilian past with 160 million years of evolutionary dichotomy. Four methods used to assess IS anatomically include: (1) recognition of marked reduction of lymphocytes in both primary and secondary lymphoid organs; (2) recognition of diseases commonly associated with IS; (3) recognition of known immunosuppressive diseases; (4) germinal center enumeration. An experimental method of qualifying and quantifying IS related to single or multiple insults is explored through the use of germinal center enumeration. The effect of stress and inanition on avian lymphocytes must be considered in histological evaluations as chickens are a steroid sensitive species.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>AVES DE CORRAL</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bursa of Fabricius - immunology</subject><subject>CHICKENS</subject><subject>Chickens - immunology</subject><subject>ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA</subject><subject>ETATS UNIS</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Immune Tolerance</subject><subject>IMMUNODEPRESSION</subject><subject>IMMUNOSUPPRESSION</subject><subject>Infection pathogenesis</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>INMUNODEPRESION</subject><subject>LINFOCITOS</subject><subject>LYMPHOCYTE</subject><subject>LYMPHOCYTES</subject><subject>Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Lymphoid Tissue - immunology</subject><subject>Lymphoid Tissue - pathology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>METHODE</subject><subject>METHODS</subject><subject>METODOS</subject><subject>PATHOLOGIE</subject><subject>PATHOLOGY</subject><subject>PATOLOGIA</subject><subject>POLLO</subject><subject>POULET</subject><subject>POULTRY</subject><subject>Poultry Diseases - 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immunology</topic><topic>CHICKENS</topic><topic>Chickens - immunology</topic><topic>ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA</topic><topic>ETATS UNIS</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Immune Tolerance</topic><topic>IMMUNODEPRESSION</topic><topic>IMMUNOSUPPRESSION</topic><topic>Infection pathogenesis</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>INMUNODEPRESION</topic><topic>LINFOCITOS</topic><topic>LYMPHOCYTE</topic><topic>LYMPHOCYTES</topic><topic>Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Lymphoid Tissue - immunology</topic><topic>Lymphoid Tissue - pathology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>METHODE</topic><topic>METHODS</topic><topic>METODOS</topic><topic>PATHOLOGIE</topic><topic>PATHOLOGY</topic><topic>PATOLOGIA</topic><topic>POLLO</topic><topic>POULET</topic><topic>POULTRY</topic><topic>Poultry Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Poultry Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>USA</topic><topic>Virus Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Virus Diseases - veterinary</topic><topic>VOLAILLE</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pope, Conrad R.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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Emphasis is placed on immunosuppression (IS) and pathology of primary lymphoid organs of the chicken. The evolutionary relationship of the avian and mammalian lymphoid systems is based on a common reptilian past with 160 million years of evolutionary dichotomy. Four methods used to assess IS anatomically include: (1) recognition of marked reduction of lymphocytes in both primary and secondary lymphoid organs; (2) recognition of diseases commonly associated with IS; (3) recognition of known immunosuppressive diseases; (4) germinal center enumeration. An experimental method of qualifying and quantifying IS related to single or multiple insults is explored through the use of germinal center enumeration. The effect of stress and inanition on avian lymphocytes must be considered in histological evaluations as chickens are a steroid sensitive species.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>1781156</pmid><doi>10.1016/0165-2427(91)90006-X</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 1991, Vol.30 (1), p.31-44 |
| issn | 0165-2427 1873-2534 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Animals AVES DE CORRAL Biological and medical sciences Bursa of Fabricius - immunology CHICKENS Chickens - immunology ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA ETATS UNIS General aspects Immune Tolerance IMMUNODEPRESSION IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Infection pathogenesis Infectious diseases INMUNODEPRESION LINFOCITOS LYMPHOCYTE LYMPHOCYTES Lymphocytes - immunology Lymphoid Tissue - immunology Lymphoid Tissue - pathology Medical sciences METHODE METHODS METODOS PATHOLOGIE PATHOLOGY PATOLOGIA POLLO POULET POULTRY Poultry Diseases - immunology Poultry Diseases - pathology USA Virus Diseases - immunology Virus Diseases - veterinary VOLAILLE |
| title | Pathology of lymphoid organs with emphasis on immunosuppression |
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