The normal uterus on magnetic resonance imaging and variations associated with the hormonal state

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the pelvis has lead to a new radioanatomical description of the uterus. Variations in the anatomical zones of the uterus were noted with different sequences used in MRI. There was also structural and signal variation depending on hormonal impregnation. Twenty seven MRIs of pelvices were carried out on 16 female volunteers. Eight of them were on oestroprogesterone as the method of contraception (Group I) and had a single MRI. Six were not taking contraceptives (Group II) and had different MRI's during the same cycle. Two women already had already gone through the menopause (Group III). Results showed differences in the size of the uterus (uterine height, length of the uterine body and cervix, diameter of the cervix) between groups I and II but no cyclic changes were observed within group II. The myometrium was found to be thicker in group I and in the luteal phase of group II females in comparison to the follicular phase in the same group. The endometrial cavity was seen in 40% of cases on T1 weighted sequences; on T2 weighted sequences it was seen in all the cases. It was thicker during the second phase in group II than in group I and III. The myometrial signal compared to that of the bladder content (urine) showed a significant increase between early and late echoes on T2 weighted sequences in group I and during the second phase of the menstrual cycle in group II. No variations, or at times a decrease in signal, were observed during the first phase of the cycle in group II.