MRI of the plantar structures of the foot after falanga torture
Falanga is an ancient form of punishment or torture but is still commonly reported by our refugees. The late result of caning the heel and ball of the foot is a chronic painful condition with few clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to assess, by MRI, possible morphologic characteristics...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European radiology 2000-01, Vol.10 (10), p.1655-1659 |
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| creator | Savnik, A Amris, K Røgind, H Prip, K Danneskiold-Samsøe, B Bojsen-Møller, F Bartels, E M Bliddal, H Boesen, J Egund, N |
| description | Falanga is an ancient form of punishment or torture but is still commonly reported by our refugees. The late result of caning the heel and ball of the foot is a chronic painful condition with few clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to assess, by MRI, possible morphologic characteristics of the heel and ball of the foot, related to falanga and pain in correlation to clinical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the foot was obtained in 12 victims exposed to falanga torture and 9 healthy volunteers. Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR 616-840 ms, TE 20 ms), T2-weighted spin-echo images (TR 1900 ms, TE 90 ms), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images (TR 1200 ms, TE 15 ms, TI 100 ms) were performed. The central portion of the plantar aponeurosis was generally significantly thicker in victims exposed to falanga torture as compared with that of controls (P < 0.05). In all except one of the victims, MRI demonstrated two layers of the thickened plantar aponeurosis: a deeper portion with normal homogeneous low signal intensity (SI) appearance, and a superficial layer with characteristic areas of mixed SI on both T1- and T2-weighted images. There were no signs of chronic muscular compartment syndromes, and the thickness of the plantar pad did not differ between the two groups. Magnetic resonance imaging may demonstrate morphologic characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis which may confirm falanga torture. Further imaging with more specific sequences is warranted to demonstrate the supposed injuries in the compartmental fat tissue chambers and the vascularity of the ball pad of the foot. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s003300000476 |
| format | Article |
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The late result of caning the heel and ball of the foot is a chronic painful condition with few clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to assess, by MRI, possible morphologic characteristics of the heel and ball of the foot, related to falanga and pain in correlation to clinical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the foot was obtained in 12 victims exposed to falanga torture and 9 healthy volunteers. Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR 616-840 ms, TE 20 ms), T2-weighted spin-echo images (TR 1900 ms, TE 90 ms), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images (TR 1200 ms, TE 15 ms, TI 100 ms) were performed. The central portion of the plantar aponeurosis was generally significantly thicker in victims exposed to falanga torture as compared with that of controls (P < 0.05). In all except one of the victims, MRI demonstrated two layers of the thickened plantar aponeurosis: a deeper portion with normal homogeneous low signal intensity (SI) appearance, and a superficial layer with characteristic areas of mixed SI on both T1- and T2-weighted images. There were no signs of chronic muscular compartment syndromes, and the thickness of the plantar pad did not differ between the two groups. Magnetic resonance imaging may demonstrate morphologic characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis which may confirm falanga torture. Further imaging with more specific sequences is warranted to demonstrate the supposed injuries in the compartmental fat tissue chambers and the vascularity of the ball pad of the foot.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s003300000476</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11044943</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Springer Nature B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Female ; Foot - pathology ; Foot Injuries - diagnosis ; Foot Injuries - etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal - injuries ; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons - pathology ; Torture ; Trauma Severity Indices</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2000-01, Vol.10 (10), p.1655-1659</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-d87219c83e58f838879076f6949bdbfc9a34353a75e433468ac9d895c43ff67d3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11044943$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Savnik, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amris, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Røgind, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prip, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danneskiold-Samsøe, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bojsen-Møller, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, E M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bliddal, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boesen, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egund, N</creatorcontrib><title>MRI of the plantar structures of the foot after falanga torture</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Falanga is an ancient form of punishment or torture but is still commonly reported by our refugees. The late result of caning the heel and ball of the foot is a chronic painful condition with few clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to assess, by MRI, possible morphologic characteristics of the heel and ball of the foot, related to falanga and pain in correlation to clinical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the foot was obtained in 12 victims exposed to falanga torture and 9 healthy volunteers. Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR 616-840 ms, TE 20 ms), T2-weighted spin-echo images (TR 1900 ms, TE 90 ms), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images (TR 1200 ms, TE 15 ms, TI 100 ms) were performed. The central portion of the plantar aponeurosis was generally significantly thicker in victims exposed to falanga torture as compared with that of controls (P < 0.05). In all except one of the victims, MRI demonstrated two layers of the thickened plantar aponeurosis: a deeper portion with normal homogeneous low signal intensity (SI) appearance, and a superficial layer with characteristic areas of mixed SI on both T1- and T2-weighted images. There were no signs of chronic muscular compartment syndromes, and the thickness of the plantar pad did not differ between the two groups. Magnetic resonance imaging may demonstrate morphologic characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis which may confirm falanga torture. Further imaging with more specific sequences is warranted to demonstrate the supposed injuries in the compartmental fat tissue chambers and the vascularity of the ball pad of the foot.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Foot - pathology</subject><subject>Foot Injuries - diagnosis</subject><subject>Foot Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - injuries</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - pathology</subject><subject>Tendon Injuries</subject><subject>Tendons - pathology</subject><subject>Torture</subject><subject>Trauma Severity Indices</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0E1LAzEQBuAgiq3Vo1dZPHhbTXZm83ESKX4UKoLoOaTZRFvapibZQ_-9u7QiOpeBmYdheAk5Z_SaUSpuEqUAtC8U_IAMGUJVMirxkAypAlkKpXBATlJadEYxFMdkwBhFVAhDcvv8OimCL_KnKzZLs84mFinH1uY2uvSz8SHkwvjsYuFNpz5MkUPsySk56ibJne37iLw_3L-Nn8rpy-NkfDctLTCey0aKiikrwdXSS5BSKCq45wrVrJl5qwwg1GBE7RAAuTRWNVLVFsF7LhoYkavd3U0MX61LWa_mybpl94wLbdKighorITp4-Q8uQhvX3W9aSuRMUuhRuUM2hpSi83oT5ysTt5pR3ceq_8Ta-Yv90Xa2cs2v3ucI3_skb9w</recordid><startdate>20000101</startdate><enddate>20000101</enddate><creator>Savnik, A</creator><creator>Amris, K</creator><creator>Røgind, H</creator><creator>Prip, K</creator><creator>Danneskiold-Samsøe, B</creator><creator>Bojsen-Møller, F</creator><creator>Bartels, E M</creator><creator>Bliddal, H</creator><creator>Boesen, J</creator><creator>Egund, N</creator><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000101</creationdate><title>MRI of the plantar structures of the foot after falanga torture</title><author>Savnik, A ; Amris, K ; Røgind, H ; Prip, K ; Danneskiold-Samsøe, B ; Bojsen-Møller, F ; Bartels, E M ; Bliddal, H ; Boesen, J ; Egund, N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-d87219c83e58f838879076f6949bdbfc9a34353a75e433468ac9d895c43ff67d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Foot - pathology</topic><topic>Foot Injuries - diagnosis</topic><topic>Foot Injuries - etiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - injuries</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - pathology</topic><topic>Tendon Injuries</topic><topic>Tendons - pathology</topic><topic>Torture</topic><topic>Trauma Severity Indices</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Savnik, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amris, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Røgind, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prip, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danneskiold-Samsøe, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bojsen-Møller, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, E M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bliddal, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boesen, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egund, N</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Savnik, A</au><au>Amris, K</au><au>Røgind, H</au><au>Prip, K</au><au>Danneskiold-Samsøe, B</au><au>Bojsen-Møller, F</au><au>Bartels, E M</au><au>Bliddal, H</au><au>Boesen, J</au><au>Egund, N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>MRI of the plantar structures of the foot after falanga torture</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2000-01-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1655</spage><epage>1659</epage><pages>1655-1659</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Falanga is an ancient form of punishment or torture but is still commonly reported by our refugees. The late result of caning the heel and ball of the foot is a chronic painful condition with few clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to assess, by MRI, possible morphologic characteristics of the heel and ball of the foot, related to falanga and pain in correlation to clinical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the foot was obtained in 12 victims exposed to falanga torture and 9 healthy volunteers. Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR 616-840 ms, TE 20 ms), T2-weighted spin-echo images (TR 1900 ms, TE 90 ms), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images (TR 1200 ms, TE 15 ms, TI 100 ms) were performed. The central portion of the plantar aponeurosis was generally significantly thicker in victims exposed to falanga torture as compared with that of controls (P < 0.05). In all except one of the victims, MRI demonstrated two layers of the thickened plantar aponeurosis: a deeper portion with normal homogeneous low signal intensity (SI) appearance, and a superficial layer with characteristic areas of mixed SI on both T1- and T2-weighted images. There were no signs of chronic muscular compartment syndromes, and the thickness of the plantar pad did not differ between the two groups. Magnetic resonance imaging may demonstrate morphologic characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis which may confirm falanga torture. Further imaging with more specific sequences is warranted to demonstrate the supposed injuries in the compartmental fat tissue chambers and the vascularity of the ball pad of the foot.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Springer Nature B.V</pub><pmid>11044943</pmid><doi>10.1007/s003300000476</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Female Foot - pathology Foot Injuries - diagnosis Foot Injuries - etiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal - injuries Muscle, Skeletal - pathology Tendon Injuries Tendons - pathology Torture Trauma Severity Indices |
| title | MRI of the plantar structures of the foot after falanga torture |
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