Energy metabolism after 2 y of energy restriction : the Biosphere 2 experiment
An adaptive decrease in energy expenditure (EE) in response to 6 mo of severely restricted energy intake was shown in a classic semistarvation study-the Minnesota experiment. Our objective was to examine whether such adaptation also occurs in response to less severe but sustained energy restriction....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of clinical nutrition 2000-10, Vol.72 (4), p.946-953 |
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| container_title | The American journal of clinical nutrition |
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| creator | WEYER, Christian WALFORD, Roy L HARPER, Inge T MILNER, Mike MACCALLUM, Taber TATARANNI, P. Antonio RAVUSSIN, Eric |
| description | An adaptive decrease in energy expenditure (EE) in response to 6 mo of severely restricted energy intake was shown in a classic semistarvation study-the Minnesota experiment.
Our objective was to examine whether such adaptation also occurs in response to less severe but sustained energy restriction.
Body composition, 1-wk total EE (TEE), 24-h sedentary EE, and spontaneous physical activity were measured in 8 healthy subjects (4 men and 4 women) at the end of a 2-y confinement inside Biosphere 2. Unexpectedly, the food supply was markedly restricted during most of the confinement and all subjects experienced a marked, sustained weight loss (9.1 +/- 6.6 kg; P: < 0.001) from the low-energy (7000-11000 kJ/d), low-fat (9% of energy), but nutrient-dense, diet they consumed.
The TEE inside Biosphere 2, assessed 3 wk before exit, averaged 10700 +/- 560 kJ/d (n = 8). Within 1 wk after exit, the adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were lower in the biospherians (n = 5) than in 152 control subjects (6% and 45%, respectively; both P: < 0.01). Six months after exit and return to an ad libitum diet, body weight had increased to preentry levels; however, adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were still significantly lower than in control subjects.
In lean humans, an adaptive decrease in EE appears to occur not only in states of life-threatening undernutrition, but also in response to less severe energy restriction sustained over several years. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ajcn/72.4.946 |
| format | Article |
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Our objective was to examine whether such adaptation also occurs in response to less severe but sustained energy restriction.
Body composition, 1-wk total EE (TEE), 24-h sedentary EE, and spontaneous physical activity were measured in 8 healthy subjects (4 men and 4 women) at the end of a 2-y confinement inside Biosphere 2. Unexpectedly, the food supply was markedly restricted during most of the confinement and all subjects experienced a marked, sustained weight loss (9.1 +/- 6.6 kg; P: < 0.001) from the low-energy (7000-11000 kJ/d), low-fat (9% of energy), but nutrient-dense, diet they consumed.
The TEE inside Biosphere 2, assessed 3 wk before exit, averaged 10700 +/- 560 kJ/d (n = 8). Within 1 wk after exit, the adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were lower in the biospherians (n = 5) than in 152 control subjects (6% and 45%, respectively; both P: < 0.01). Six months after exit and return to an ad libitum diet, body weight had increased to preentry levels; however, adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were still significantly lower than in control subjects.
In lean humans, an adaptive decrease in EE appears to occur not only in states of life-threatening undernutrition, but also in response to less severe energy restriction sustained over several years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.4.946</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11010936</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCNAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: American Society for Clinical Nutrition</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Basal Metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Composition ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; Diet ; Ecological Systems, Closed ; Energy Intake - physiology ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Exercise - physiology ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Metabolism ; Nutrition ; Oxygen Consumption ; Radioimmunoassay ; Regression Analysis ; Space life sciences ; Thyrotropin - blood ; Thyroxine - blood ; Triiodothyronine - blood ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Weight Loss</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2000-10, Vol.72 (4), p.946-953</ispartof><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Oct 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-99cffa7d225f56892835965e680c0e3ee17bd0fec75ccb2d04e12511d1c369723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-99cffa7d225f56892835965e680c0e3ee17bd0fec75ccb2d04e12511d1c369723</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1510920$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11010936$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>WEYER, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WALFORD, Roy L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HARPER, Inge T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MILNER, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MACCALLUM, Taber</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TATARANNI, P. Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RAVUSSIN, Eric</creatorcontrib><title>Energy metabolism after 2 y of energy restriction : the Biosphere 2 experiment</title><title>The American journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>An adaptive decrease in energy expenditure (EE) in response to 6 mo of severely restricted energy intake was shown in a classic semistarvation study-the Minnesota experiment.
Our objective was to examine whether such adaptation also occurs in response to less severe but sustained energy restriction.
Body composition, 1-wk total EE (TEE), 24-h sedentary EE, and spontaneous physical activity were measured in 8 healthy subjects (4 men and 4 women) at the end of a 2-y confinement inside Biosphere 2. Unexpectedly, the food supply was markedly restricted during most of the confinement and all subjects experienced a marked, sustained weight loss (9.1 +/- 6.6 kg; P: < 0.001) from the low-energy (7000-11000 kJ/d), low-fat (9% of energy), but nutrient-dense, diet they consumed.
The TEE inside Biosphere 2, assessed 3 wk before exit, averaged 10700 +/- 560 kJ/d (n = 8). Within 1 wk after exit, the adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were lower in the biospherians (n = 5) than in 152 control subjects (6% and 45%, respectively; both P: < 0.01). Six months after exit and return to an ad libitum diet, body weight had increased to preentry levels; however, adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were still significantly lower than in control subjects.
In lean humans, an adaptive decrease in EE appears to occur not only in states of life-threatening undernutrition, but also in response to less severe energy restriction sustained over several years.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Basal Metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Composition</subject><subject>Calorimetry, Indirect</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Ecological Systems, Closed</subject><subject>Energy Intake - physiology</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption</topic><topic>Radioimmunoassay</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Thyrotropin - blood</topic><topic>Thyroxine - blood</topic><topic>Triiodothyronine - blood</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>Weight Loss</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>WEYER, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WALFORD, Roy L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HARPER, Inge T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MILNER, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MACCALLUM, Taber</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TATARANNI, P. 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Our objective was to examine whether such adaptation also occurs in response to less severe but sustained energy restriction.
Body composition, 1-wk total EE (TEE), 24-h sedentary EE, and spontaneous physical activity were measured in 8 healthy subjects (4 men and 4 women) at the end of a 2-y confinement inside Biosphere 2. Unexpectedly, the food supply was markedly restricted during most of the confinement and all subjects experienced a marked, sustained weight loss (9.1 +/- 6.6 kg; P: < 0.001) from the low-energy (7000-11000 kJ/d), low-fat (9% of energy), but nutrient-dense, diet they consumed.
The TEE inside Biosphere 2, assessed 3 wk before exit, averaged 10700 +/- 560 kJ/d (n = 8). Within 1 wk after exit, the adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were lower in the biospherians (n = 5) than in 152 control subjects (6% and 45%, respectively; both P: < 0.01). Six months after exit and return to an ad libitum diet, body weight had increased to preentry levels; however, adjusted 24-h EE and spontaneous physical activity were still significantly lower than in control subjects.
In lean humans, an adaptive decrease in EE appears to occur not only in states of life-threatening undernutrition, but also in response to less severe energy restriction sustained over several years.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</pub><pmid>11010936</pmid><doi>10.1093/ajcn/72.4.946</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Basal Metabolism Biological and medical sciences Body Composition Calorimetry, Indirect Diet Ecological Systems, Closed Energy Intake - physiology Energy Metabolism - physiology Exercise - physiology Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Linear Models Male Metabolism Nutrition Oxygen Consumption Radioimmunoassay Regression Analysis Space life sciences Thyrotropin - blood Thyroxine - blood Triiodothyronine - blood Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Weight Loss |
| title | Energy metabolism after 2 y of energy restriction : the Biosphere 2 experiment |
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