Effect of hormone replacement therapy on inflammation-sensitive proteins in post-menopausal women with Type 2 diabetes

Aims To test the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and IL‐6 concentrations and leucocyte count in post‐menopausal women with Type 2 diabetes. Methods Post‐menopausal women with Type 2 diabetes (n = 61) were randomized in a double‐blind fashion to receive either continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (n = 29) with conjugated equine oestrogen (0.625 mg/day) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg/day) or placebo (n = 32) for 6 months. Study variables were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Results Eight women randomized to hormone replacement therapy and four women assigned to placebo group dropped out of the study. Plasma CRP increased (2.2 mg/l, 95% confidence interval 0.3–4.1 mg/l) significantly (P = 0.02) in women treated with HRT (n = 21) compared with placebo (n = 29) taking baseline CRP, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status into account. Plasma levels of cell adhesion molecules, IL‐6 and leucocyte count did not change significantly during the study. Conclusions These findings indicate that oral HRT with conjugated equine oestrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate increases plasma CRP levels but not necessarily global inflammatory activity in post‐menopausal diabetic women. An increase in plasma CRP may potentially increase risk of a cardiovascular event.