Geometrical effects of positional errors in integral photography

The effects of misarrangement of elements (elemental lenses and elemental images) that construct three-dimensional (3-D) images in integral photography are presented. If the lens arrays of the capturing system and the display system are not aligned accurately, positional errors of elements may occur, causing the 3-D image to be reconstructed in an incorrect position. The relation between positional errors of elements and the reconstructed image is derived. As a result, it is shown that a 3-D image is separated by local positional errors and blurred by global positional errors. In both local and global positional errors, 3-D images reconstructed far from the lens array are greatly affected.