Ruthenium red staining for ultrastructural visualization of a glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis
Ruthenium red is a polycationic stain used to visualize acid polysaccharides on the outer surface of cells. Ruthenium red staining followed by electron microscopic analysis was used to demonstrate the presence of an external glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of both Bacillus anthracis and Bac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of microbiological methods 2004-07, Vol.58 (1), p.23-30 |
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| creator | Waller, Lashanda N Fox, Nyssa Fox, Karen F Fox, Alvin Price, Robert L |
| description | Ruthenium red is a polycationic stain used to visualize acid polysaccharides on the outer surface of cells. Ruthenium red staining followed by electron microscopic analysis was used to demonstrate the presence of an external glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of both
Bacillus anthracis and
Bacillus subtilis. This layer is less apparent with traditional staining methods used for electron microscopy. Renografin gradients were used to purify
B. subtilis spores. These purified spores displayed greatly enhanced staining with ruthenium red, indicating nonspecific binding of renografin, which has a major carbohydrate constituent, methylglucamine. For
B. anthracis, staining with ruthenium red was sufficiently intense that it was not significantly enhanced by renografin purification
. In addition to demonstrating a previously undiscovered layer surrounding the spores of
B. subtilis, the results help explain a long-standing controversy as to ultrastructural differences among these genetically closely related organisms. Ruthenium red staining provides an important addition to the identification of surface glycoproteins in studies to define similarities and differences in the exosporium layers of
Bacillus species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.02.012 |
| format | Article |
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Bacillus anthracis and
Bacillus subtilis. This layer is less apparent with traditional staining methods used for electron microscopy. Renografin gradients were used to purify
B. subtilis spores. These purified spores displayed greatly enhanced staining with ruthenium red, indicating nonspecific binding of renografin, which has a major carbohydrate constituent, methylglucamine. For
B. anthracis, staining with ruthenium red was sufficiently intense that it was not significantly enhanced by renografin purification
. In addition to demonstrating a previously undiscovered layer surrounding the spores of
B. subtilis, the results help explain a long-standing controversy as to ultrastructural differences among these genetically closely related organisms. Ruthenium red staining provides an important addition to the identification of surface glycoproteins in studies to define similarities and differences in the exosporium layers of
Bacillus species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-7012</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-8359</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.02.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15177900</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMIMDQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Bacillus anthracis ; Bacillus anthracis - metabolism ; Bacillus anthracis - ultrastructure ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacillus subtilis - metabolism ; Bacillus subtilis - ultrastructure ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - chemistry ; Bacteriological methods and techniques used in bacteriology ; Bacteriology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Exosporium ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glycoprotein ; Indicators and Reagents - chemistry ; Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry ; Membrane Glycoproteins - ultrastructure ; Microbiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ruthenium Red - chemistry ; Spores, Bacterial - metabolism ; Spores, Bacterial - ultrastructure</subject><ispartof>Journal of microbiological methods, 2004-07, Vol.58 (1), p.23-30</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-b425a4e307acbd232ae47fa49c0d4e7d599b25db72b6458e0e78bab82cceeaa93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-b425a4e307acbd232ae47fa49c0d4e7d599b25db72b6458e0e78bab82cceeaa93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167701204000582$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16383159$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15177900$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Waller, Lashanda N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Nyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Karen F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Alvin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Price, Robert L</creatorcontrib><title>Ruthenium red staining for ultrastructural visualization of a glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis</title><title>Journal of microbiological methods</title><addtitle>J Microbiol Methods</addtitle><description>Ruthenium red is a polycationic stain used to visualize acid polysaccharides on the outer surface of cells. Ruthenium red staining followed by electron microscopic analysis was used to demonstrate the presence of an external glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of both
Bacillus anthracis and
Bacillus subtilis. This layer is less apparent with traditional staining methods used for electron microscopy. Renografin gradients were used to purify
B. subtilis spores. These purified spores displayed greatly enhanced staining with ruthenium red, indicating nonspecific binding of renografin, which has a major carbohydrate constituent, methylglucamine. For
B. anthracis, staining with ruthenium red was sufficiently intense that it was not significantly enhanced by renografin purification
. In addition to demonstrating a previously undiscovered layer surrounding the spores of
B. subtilis, the results help explain a long-standing controversy as to ultrastructural differences among these genetically closely related organisms. Ruthenium red staining provides an important addition to the identification of surface glycoproteins in studies to define similarities and differences in the exosporium layers of
Bacillus species.</description><subject>Bacillus anthracis</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Bacteriological methods and techniques used in bacteriology</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Exosporium</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glycoprotein</subject><subject>Indicators and Reagents - chemistry</subject><subject>Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Membrane Glycoproteins - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron</subject><subject>Ruthenium Red - chemistry</subject><subject>Spores, Bacterial - metabolism</subject><subject>Spores, Bacterial - ultrastructure</subject><issn>0167-7012</issn><issn>1872-8359</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9u1DAQhy0EotvCEyAhX-CWYDvO2jlwoBUUpEpICM7WxJm0XjnJ4j-VlsfgiXHYlfYGJ9ujbz6N50fIK85qzvj23a6e3ISpFozJmomacfGEbLhWotJN2z0lm0KpSpX6BbmMcccYbxupn5ML3nKlOsY25Pe3nB5wdnmiAQcaE7jZzfd0XALNPgWIKWSbcgBPH13M4N0vSG6Z6TJSoPf-YJd9WBK6mXo4YKAxh7DkeVgtRU3jfgm40tdgnfc5UpjTQyiP9TacyzH3yXkXX5BnI_iIL0_nFfnx6eP3m8_V3dfbLzcf7iortUhVL0ULEhumwPaDaASgVCPIzrJBohrarutFO_RK9FvZamSodA-9FtYiAnTNFXl79Jb5f2aMyUwuWvQeZlxyNIp3utjZf0GuGdtyLQvYHEEblhgDjmYf3AThYDgza2ZmZ_5mZtbMDBOmZFO6Xp_0uZ9wOPecQirAmxMA0YIfA8xleWdu2-iGt-uH3h85LFt7dBhMtA5ni4MLaJMZFvfPQf4AySO7Cw</recordid><startdate>20040701</startdate><enddate>20040701</enddate><creator>Waller, Lashanda N</creator><creator>Fox, Nyssa</creator><creator>Fox, Karen F</creator><creator>Fox, Alvin</creator><creator>Price, Robert L</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040701</creationdate><title>Ruthenium red staining for ultrastructural visualization of a glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis</title><author>Waller, Lashanda N ; Fox, Nyssa ; Fox, Karen F ; Fox, Alvin ; Price, Robert L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-b425a4e307acbd232ae47fa49c0d4e7d599b25db72b6458e0e78bab82cceeaa93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Bacillus anthracis</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Bacillus subtilis</topic><topic>Bacillus subtilis - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacillus subtilis - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - chemistry</topic><topic>Bacteriological methods and techniques used in bacteriology</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Exosporium</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glycoprotein</topic><topic>Indicators and Reagents - chemistry</topic><topic>Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry</topic><topic>Membrane Glycoproteins - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron</topic><topic>Ruthenium Red - chemistry</topic><topic>Spores, Bacterial - metabolism</topic><topic>Spores, Bacterial - ultrastructure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Waller, Lashanda N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Nyssa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Karen F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Alvin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Price, Robert L</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of microbiological methods</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Waller, Lashanda N</au><au>Fox, Nyssa</au><au>Fox, Karen F</au><au>Fox, Alvin</au><au>Price, Robert L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ruthenium red staining for ultrastructural visualization of a glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of microbiological methods</jtitle><addtitle>J Microbiol Methods</addtitle><date>2004-07-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>23</spage><epage>30</epage><pages>23-30</pages><issn>0167-7012</issn><eissn>1872-8359</eissn><coden>JMIMDQ</coden><abstract>Ruthenium red is a polycationic stain used to visualize acid polysaccharides on the outer surface of cells. Ruthenium red staining followed by electron microscopic analysis was used to demonstrate the presence of an external glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of both
Bacillus anthracis and
Bacillus subtilis. This layer is less apparent with traditional staining methods used for electron microscopy. Renografin gradients were used to purify
B. subtilis spores. These purified spores displayed greatly enhanced staining with ruthenium red, indicating nonspecific binding of renografin, which has a major carbohydrate constituent, methylglucamine. For
B. anthracis, staining with ruthenium red was sufficiently intense that it was not significantly enhanced by renografin purification
. In addition to demonstrating a previously undiscovered layer surrounding the spores of
B. subtilis, the results help explain a long-standing controversy as to ultrastructural differences among these genetically closely related organisms. Ruthenium red staining provides an important addition to the identification of surface glycoproteins in studies to define similarities and differences in the exosporium layers of
Bacillus species.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>15177900</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.mimet.2004.02.012</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis - metabolism Bacillus anthracis - ultrastructure Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis - metabolism Bacillus subtilis - ultrastructure Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - chemistry Bacteriological methods and techniques used in bacteriology Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Exosporium Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glycoprotein Indicators and Reagents - chemistry Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry Membrane Glycoproteins - ultrastructure Microbiology Microscopy, Electron Ruthenium Red - chemistry Spores, Bacterial - metabolism Spores, Bacterial - ultrastructure |
| title | Ruthenium red staining for ultrastructural visualization of a glycoprotein layer surrounding the spore of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis |
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