Lumbar spinal strains associated with whiplash injury: A cadaveric study
To study and quantify the effects of rear-end collision on the lumbar spine. The lumbar spine of a cadaver was instrumented with rosette strain gauges applied on the lateral and anterior surfaces of T12, L2, and L4. Biaxial accelerometers were mounted on L1, L3, and L5. The cadaver was seated, restr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 2002-09, Vol.81 (9), p.645-650 |
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| creator | FAST, Avital SOSNER, Julian BEGEMAN, Paul THOMAS, Mark A CHIU, Thomas |
| description | To study and quantify the effects of rear-end collision on the lumbar spine.
The lumbar spine of a cadaver was instrumented with rosette strain gauges applied on the lateral and anterior surfaces of T12, L2, and L4. Biaxial accelerometers were mounted on L1, L3, and L5. The cadaver was seated, restrained, and subjected to rear impacts of 5g and 8g.
The anterior shear strains had a biphasic shape. Spinal strains peaked at the T12 at approximately 120 and 370 msec, whereas in the L4 vertebra, it peaked at 200 and 380 msec. The anterior strain pattern of the L4 and T12 vertebrae were in diametrically opposite directions. In the second set of tests (8g experiment), the acceleration forces and strains pattern were similar to the 5g test but of higher magnitude. The principal anterior strain was 480 microm/m for 5g and 530 microm/m for 8g; the lateral shear strain was 680 microm/m and 1500 microm/m in the 5g and 8g experiments, respectively.
Forces generated during simulated whiplash collision induce biphasic lumbar spinal motions (increased-decreased lordosis) of insufficient magnitude to cause bony injuries, but they may be sufficient to cause soft-tissue injuries. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/00002060-200209000-00002 |
| format | Article |
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The lumbar spine of a cadaver was instrumented with rosette strain gauges applied on the lateral and anterior surfaces of T12, L2, and L4. Biaxial accelerometers were mounted on L1, L3, and L5. The cadaver was seated, restrained, and subjected to rear impacts of 5g and 8g.
The anterior shear strains had a biphasic shape. Spinal strains peaked at the T12 at approximately 120 and 370 msec, whereas in the L4 vertebra, it peaked at 200 and 380 msec. The anterior strain pattern of the L4 and T12 vertebrae were in diametrically opposite directions. In the second set of tests (8g experiment), the acceleration forces and strains pattern were similar to the 5g test but of higher magnitude. The principal anterior strain was 480 microm/m for 5g and 530 microm/m for 8g; the lateral shear strain was 680 microm/m and 1500 microm/m in the 5g and 8g experiments, respectively.
Forces generated during simulated whiplash collision induce biphasic lumbar spinal motions (increased-decreased lordosis) of insufficient magnitude to cause bony injuries, but they may be sufficient to cause soft-tissue injuries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-9115</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-7385</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/00002060-200209000-00002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12172515</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Baltimore, MD: Lippincott</publisher><subject>Acceleration - adverse effects ; Accidents, Traffic ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Lordosis - etiology ; Lordosis - pathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae - injuries ; Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Osteoarticular system. Muscles ; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques ; Sprains and Strains ; Stress, Mechanical ; Weight-Bearing ; Whiplash Injuries - complications ; Whiplash Injuries - etiology ; Whiplash Injuries - pathology</subject><ispartof>American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 2002-09, Vol.81 (9), p.645-650</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c286t-2fa0880c01e762330367d3c6e8651f8e17ed226af063e63efc097248e8d2bf023</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13874259$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12172515$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>FAST, Avital</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SOSNER, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BEGEMAN, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>THOMAS, Mark A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CHIU, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Lumbar spinal strains associated with whiplash injury: A cadaveric study</title><title>American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation</title><addtitle>Am J Phys Med Rehabil</addtitle><description>To study and quantify the effects of rear-end collision on the lumbar spine.
The lumbar spine of a cadaver was instrumented with rosette strain gauges applied on the lateral and anterior surfaces of T12, L2, and L4. Biaxial accelerometers were mounted on L1, L3, and L5. The cadaver was seated, restrained, and subjected to rear impacts of 5g and 8g.
The anterior shear strains had a biphasic shape. Spinal strains peaked at the T12 at approximately 120 and 370 msec, whereas in the L4 vertebra, it peaked at 200 and 380 msec. The anterior strain pattern of the L4 and T12 vertebrae were in diametrically opposite directions. In the second set of tests (8g experiment), the acceleration forces and strains pattern were similar to the 5g test but of higher magnitude. The principal anterior strain was 480 microm/m for 5g and 530 microm/m for 8g; the lateral shear strain was 680 microm/m and 1500 microm/m in the 5g and 8g experiments, respectively.
Forces generated during simulated whiplash collision induce biphasic lumbar spinal motions (increased-decreased lordosis) of insufficient magnitude to cause bony injuries, but they may be sufficient to cause soft-tissue injuries.</description><subject>Acceleration - adverse effects</subject><subject>Accidents, Traffic</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cadaver</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Lordosis - etiology</subject><subject>Lordosis - pathology</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - injuries</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Osteoarticular system. Muscles</subject><subject>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</subject><subject>Sprains and Strains</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing</subject><subject>Whiplash Injuries - complications</subject><subject>Whiplash Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>Whiplash Injuries - pathology</subject><issn>0894-9115</issn><issn>1537-7385</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkE1LAzEQhoMotlb_guSit9V8dJOst1LUCgUvel6m2SxN2Y-a2bX035va1YbAMMPzJsxDCOXsgbNMP7J4BFMsEYeaxS75HZ2RMU-lTrQ06TkZM5NNk4zzdESuEDeRSDOpL8mIC65FytMxWSz7egWB4tY3UFHsAvgGKSC21kPnCrrz3Zru1n5bAa6pbzZ92D_RGbVQwLcL3sZQX-yvyUUJFbqboU7I58vzx3yRLN9f3-azZWKFUV0iSmDGMMu400pIyaTShbTKGZXy0jiuXSGEgpIp6eItbdxXTI0zhViVTMgJuT--uw3tV--wy2uP1lUVNK7tMdc805nSLILmCNrQIgZX5tvgawj7nLP8YDH_s5j_WzyOYvR2-KNf1a44BQdtEbgbAEALVRmgsR5PnDR6KqLrH5-LeSY</recordid><startdate>20020901</startdate><enddate>20020901</enddate><creator>FAST, Avital</creator><creator>SOSNER, Julian</creator><creator>BEGEMAN, Paul</creator><creator>THOMAS, Mark A</creator><creator>CHIU, Thomas</creator><general>Lippincott</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020901</creationdate><title>Lumbar spinal strains associated with whiplash injury: A cadaveric study</title><author>FAST, Avital ; SOSNER, Julian ; BEGEMAN, Paul ; THOMAS, Mark A ; CHIU, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c286t-2fa0880c01e762330367d3c6e8651f8e17ed226af063e63efc097248e8d2bf023</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Acceleration - adverse effects</topic><topic>Accidents, Traffic</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cadaver</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Lordosis - etiology</topic><topic>Lordosis - pathology</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - injuries</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Osteoarticular system. Muscles</topic><topic>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</topic><topic>Sprains and Strains</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing</topic><topic>Whiplash Injuries - complications</topic><topic>Whiplash Injuries - etiology</topic><topic>Whiplash Injuries - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>FAST, Avital</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SOSNER, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BEGEMAN, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>THOMAS, Mark A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CHIU, Thomas</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>FAST, Avital</au><au>SOSNER, Julian</au><au>BEGEMAN, Paul</au><au>THOMAS, Mark A</au><au>CHIU, Thomas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lumbar spinal strains associated with whiplash injury: A cadaveric study</atitle><jtitle>American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Phys Med Rehabil</addtitle><date>2002-09-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>81</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>645</spage><epage>650</epage><pages>645-650</pages><issn>0894-9115</issn><eissn>1537-7385</eissn><abstract>To study and quantify the effects of rear-end collision on the lumbar spine.
The lumbar spine of a cadaver was instrumented with rosette strain gauges applied on the lateral and anterior surfaces of T12, L2, and L4. Biaxial accelerometers were mounted on L1, L3, and L5. The cadaver was seated, restrained, and subjected to rear impacts of 5g and 8g.
The anterior shear strains had a biphasic shape. Spinal strains peaked at the T12 at approximately 120 and 370 msec, whereas in the L4 vertebra, it peaked at 200 and 380 msec. The anterior strain pattern of the L4 and T12 vertebrae were in diametrically opposite directions. In the second set of tests (8g experiment), the acceleration forces and strains pattern were similar to the 5g test but of higher magnitude. The principal anterior strain was 480 microm/m for 5g and 530 microm/m for 8g; the lateral shear strain was 680 microm/m and 1500 microm/m in the 5g and 8g experiments, respectively.
Forces generated during simulated whiplash collision induce biphasic lumbar spinal motions (increased-decreased lordosis) of insufficient magnitude to cause bony injuries, but they may be sufficient to cause soft-tissue injuries.</abstract><cop>Baltimore, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott</pub><pmid>12172515</pmid><doi>10.1097/00002060-200209000-00002</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 2002-09, Vol.81 (9), p.645-650 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Acceleration - adverse effects Accidents, Traffic Aged Biological and medical sciences Cadaver Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Lordosis - etiology Lordosis - pathology Lumbar Vertebrae - injuries Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology Male Medical sciences Osteoarticular system. Muscles Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques Sprains and Strains Stress, Mechanical Weight-Bearing Whiplash Injuries - complications Whiplash Injuries - etiology Whiplash Injuries - pathology |
| title | Lumbar spinal strains associated with whiplash injury: A cadaveric study |
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