Variation of genetic expression during development, revealed by esterase patterns in Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze esterase patterns during development of Aedes aegypti from the cities of Marília and São José do Rio Preto (SJRP), Brazil. The zymograms showed a total of 23 esterase bands, 22 of which were in the specimens from Marília and 19 in those from SJRP. These esterase bands were considered to be the product of 23 alleles distributed tentatively in eight genetic loci. Most of the alleles were developmentally regulated. The larval stage expressed the greatest number of them (19 alleles, from the eight loci, in Marília; and 17 alleles, from seven loci, in SJRP). The pupal stage expressed 10 alleles from seven loci, in both populations, and the adult stage expressed 8 alleles from five and six loci in SJRP and Marília, respectively. Some alleles that were active in every stage were developmentally controlled at the level of expression (amount of product). A single allele was constitutively and highly expressed, in larvae, pupae, and adults, in both populations. Differences in esterase synthesis among stages are probably due to regulatory mechanisms acting in agreement with the requirements of a variable number of processes in which esterases are involved. The larval stage is the most active in developmental processes and shows very intense intake of food and very high mobility. These features may demand increased esterase production at that stage. Comparison of the two populations examined showed (besides the existence of alleles that they do not share) that they exhibit differences in the control of expression of other alleles. Such findings may reflect genetic differences between founders in each population, but the possibility of involvement of the intensive use of insecticides in SJRP is also discussed.