Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: osmoregulation during early embryonic development in the marine little skate Raja erinacea; response to changes in external salinity

Marine elasmobranchs retain relatively high levels of urea to counterbalance the osmotic strength of seawater. Oviparous species, such as the little skate Raja erinacea, release encapsulated embryos that hatch after about 9 months on the seafloor. To study the ureosmotic capability of skate embryos,...

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