What provides cerebral reserve?

The cerebral reserve hypothesis is a heuristic concept used to explain apparent protection from the onset of cerebral disease and/or cognitive decline in old age. A significant obstacle when investigating the reserve hypothesis is the absence of baseline data with which to compare current cognitive...

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Veröffentlicht in:Brain (London, England : 1878) England : 1878), 2004-05, Vol.127 (5), p.1191-1199
Hauptverfasser: Staff, Roger T., Murray, Alison D., Deary, Ian J., Whalley, Lawrence J.
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container_title Brain (London, England : 1878)
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creator Staff, Roger T.
Murray, Alison D.
Deary, Ian J.
Whalley, Lawrence J.
description The cerebral reserve hypothesis is a heuristic concept used to explain apparent protection from the onset of cerebral disease and/or cognitive decline in old age. A significant obstacle when investigating the reserve hypothesis is the absence of baseline data with which to compare current cognitive status. We tested the influence of three hypothesized proxies of reserve (education, head size and occupational attainment [OCC]) in 92 volunteers born in 1921, whose cognitive function was measured at age 11 and 79 years, and who underwent brain MRI. The association between each proxy and old age cognitive function was tested, adjusting for variance contributed by childhood mental ability and detrimental age‐related pathological changes measured using MRI. The results showed that education and OCC, but not total intracranial volume (TICV), contribute to cerebral reserve and help retain cognitive function in old age. Education was found to contribute between 5 and 6% of the variance found in old age memory function but was found to have no significant association with reasoning abilities. OCC was found to contribute around 5% of the variance found in old age memory function and between 6 and 8% of the variance found in old age reasoning abilities. We conclude that the intellectual challenges experienced during life, such as education and occupation, accumulate reserve and allow cognitive function to be maintained in old age.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/brain/awh144
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source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)
subjects Aged
Aging - physiology
Analysis of Variance
AVLT = Auditory Verbal Learning Test
BF = brain fraction
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - anatomy & histology
Brain - physiology
cerebral reserve
childhood intelligence
Cognition - physiology
education
Educational Status
Employment
Female
GM = grey matter
head size
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Intelligence
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical sciences
MHT = Moray House Test
Neurology
OCC = occupational attainment
occupation
Psychological Tests
RPM = Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Selection Bias
TICV = total intracranial volume
WM = white matter
WMH = white matter hyperintensities
title What provides cerebral reserve?
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