High-Performance Nitrate-Selective Electrodes Containing Immobilized Amino Acid Betaines as Sensors

Ten nitrate-selective electrodes based upon rubbery membranes containing various betaine salts as sensors covalently bound to a cross-linked polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) polymer have been produced. The membranes were robust, highly selective, and effective over a pH range of 2−8. The best nitrate-selective electrode fabricated contained 10% m/m dicumyl peroxide, 40% 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether, 6.5% triallyl leucine betaine chloride and 43.5% SBS. The characteristics of this electrode were a linear Nernstian range of 1 × 10-1 to 5 × 10-6 mol dm-3 NO3 -, a limit of detection of 3.4 × 10-7 mol dm-3 NO3 -, and a selectivity coefficient for nitrate against chloride, , of 3.4 × 10-3. These figures represent a significant improvement on current commercial nitrate sensors. Response times were 1 min or less; stability of response and electrode lifetime in continuous use was also very satisfactory.