Sexual Behavior and Sex-Associated Environmental Cues Activate the Mesolimbic System in Male Rats
The mesolimbic system plays an important role in the regulation of both pathological behaviors such as drug addiction and normal motivated behaviors such as sexual behavior. The present study investigated the mechanism by which this system is endogenously activated during sexual behavior. Specifical...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2004-04, Vol.29 (4), p.718-730 |
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| description | The mesolimbic system plays an important role in the regulation of both pathological behaviors such as drug addiction and normal motivated behaviors such as sexual behavior. The present study investigated the mechanism by which this system is endogenously activated during sexual behavior. Specifically, the effects of sexual experience and sex-related environmental cues on the activation of several components of the mesolimbic system were studied. The mesolimbic system consists of a dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Previous studies suggest that these neurons are under tonic inhibition by local GABA interneurons, which are in turn modulated by mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands. To test the hypothesis that opioids are acting in the VTA during sexual behavior, visualization of MOR internalization in VTA was used as a marker for ligand-induced activation of the receptor. Significant increases in MOR internalization were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. The next goal was to determine if sexual behavior activates dopamine neurons in the VTA, using tyrosine hydroxylase as a marker for dopaminergic neurons and Fos-immunoreactivity as a marker for neuronal activation. Significant increases in the percentage of activated dopaminergic neurons were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. In addition, mating and sex-related cues activated a large population of nondopaminergic neurons in VTA as well as neurons in both the NAc Core and Shell. Taken together, our results provide functional neuroanatomical evidence that the mesolimbic system is activated by both sexual behavior and exposure to sex-related environmental cues. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.npp.1300350 |
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The present study investigated the mechanism by which this system is endogenously activated during sexual behavior. Specifically, the effects of sexual experience and sex-related environmental cues on the activation of several components of the mesolimbic system were studied. The mesolimbic system consists of a dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Previous studies suggest that these neurons are under tonic inhibition by local GABA interneurons, which are in turn modulated by mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands. To test the hypothesis that opioids are acting in the VTA during sexual behavior, visualization of MOR internalization in VTA was used as a marker for ligand-induced activation of the receptor. Significant increases in MOR internalization were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. The next goal was to determine if sexual behavior activates dopamine neurons in the VTA, using tyrosine hydroxylase as a marker for dopaminergic neurons and Fos-immunoreactivity as a marker for neuronal activation. Significant increases in the percentage of activated dopaminergic neurons were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. In addition, mating and sex-related cues activated a large population of nondopaminergic neurons in VTA as well as neurons in both the NAc Core and Shell. Taken together, our results provide functional neuroanatomical evidence that the mesolimbic system is activated by both sexual behavior and exposure to sex-related environmental cues.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0893-133X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1740-634X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300350</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14694350</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NEROEW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Behavioral Sciences ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Psychology ; Cell Count ; Cues ; Environment ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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The present study investigated the mechanism by which this system is endogenously activated during sexual behavior. Specifically, the effects of sexual experience and sex-related environmental cues on the activation of several components of the mesolimbic system were studied. The mesolimbic system consists of a dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Previous studies suggest that these neurons are under tonic inhibition by local GABA interneurons, which are in turn modulated by mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands. To test the hypothesis that opioids are acting in the VTA during sexual behavior, visualization of MOR internalization in VTA was used as a marker for ligand-induced activation of the receptor. Significant increases in MOR internalization were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. The next goal was to determine if sexual behavior activates dopamine neurons in the VTA, using tyrosine hydroxylase as a marker for dopaminergic neurons and Fos-immunoreactivity as a marker for neuronal activation. Significant increases in the percentage of activated dopaminergic neurons were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. In addition, mating and sex-related cues activated a large population of nondopaminergic neurons in VTA as well as neurons in both the NAc Core and Shell. Taken together, our results provide functional neuroanatomical evidence that the mesolimbic system is activated by both sexual behavior and exposure to sex-related environmental cues.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Behavioral Sciences</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Psychology</subject><subject>Cell Count</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Psychology</topic><topic>gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Glutamate Decarboxylase - metabolism</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry - methods</topic><topic>Life Change Events</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Neurons - metabolism</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Nucleus Accumbens - cytology</topic><topic>Nucleus Accumbens - physiology</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Pharmacotherapy</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - metabolism</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Receptors, Opioid, mu - metabolism</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase - metabolism</topic><topic>Ventral Tegmental Area - cytology</topic><topic>Ventral Tegmental Area - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Balfour, Margaret E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coolen, Lique M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Balfour, Margaret E</au><au>Yu, Lei</au><au>Coolen, Lique M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sexual Behavior and Sex-Associated Environmental Cues Activate the Mesolimbic System in Male Rats</atitle><jtitle>Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle><stitle>Neuropsychopharmacol</stitle><addtitle>Neuropsychopharmacology</addtitle><date>2004-04-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>718</spage><epage>730</epage><pages>718-730</pages><issn>0893-133X</issn><eissn>1740-634X</eissn><coden>NEROEW</coden><abstract>The mesolimbic system plays an important role in the regulation of both pathological behaviors such as drug addiction and normal motivated behaviors such as sexual behavior. 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The next goal was to determine if sexual behavior activates dopamine neurons in the VTA, using tyrosine hydroxylase as a marker for dopaminergic neurons and Fos-immunoreactivity as a marker for neuronal activation. Significant increases in the percentage of activated dopaminergic neurons were observed following copulation or exposure to sex-related environmental cues. In addition, mating and sex-related cues activated a large population of nondopaminergic neurons in VTA as well as neurons in both the NAc Core and Shell. Taken together, our results provide functional neuroanatomical evidence that the mesolimbic system is activated by both sexual behavior and exposure to sex-related environmental cues.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>14694350</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.npp.1300350</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Behavior, Animal Behavioral Sciences Biological and medical sciences Biological Psychology Cell Count Cues Environment Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism Glutamate Decarboxylase - metabolism Immunohistochemistry - methods Life Change Events Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neurons - metabolism Neuropharmacology Neurosciences Nucleus Accumbens - cytology Nucleus Accumbens - physiology original-article Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pharmacotherapy Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - metabolism Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Rats Receptors, Opioid, mu - metabolism Sex Sexual Behavior - psychology Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase - metabolism Ventral Tegmental Area - cytology Ventral Tegmental Area - physiology |
| title | Sexual Behavior and Sex-Associated Environmental Cues Activate the Mesolimbic System in Male Rats |
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