Ultrastructural, tomographic and confocal imaging of the chondrocyte primary cilium in situ
Hyaline cartilage chondrocytes express one primary cilium per cell, but its function remains unknown. We examined the ultrastructure of chick embryo sternal chondrocyte cilia and their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, for the first time,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cell biology international 2004-01, Vol.28 (2), p.101-110 |
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| creator | Jensen, C.G. Poole, C.A. McGlashan, S.R. Marko, M. Issa, Z.I. Vujcich, K.V. Bowser, S.S. |
| description | Hyaline cartilage chondrocytes express one primary cilium per cell, but its function remains unknown. We examined the ultrastructure of chick embryo sternal chondrocyte cilia and their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, for the first time, double-tilt electron tomography. Ciliary bending was also examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. Tomography and TEM showed the ciliary axoneme to interdigitate amongst collagen fibres and condensed proteoglycans. TEM also revealed the presence of electron-opaque particles in the proximal axoneme which may represent intraciliary-transport (ICT) particles. We observed a wide range of ciliary bending patterns. Some conformed to a heavy elastica model associated with shear stress. Others were acutely deformed, suggesting ciliary deflection by collagen fibres and proteoglycans with which the cilia make contact. We conclude that mechanical forces transmitted through these matrix macromolecules bend the primary cilium, identifying it as a potential mechanosensor involved in skeletal patterning and growth. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.11.007 |
| format | Article |
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We examined the ultrastructure of chick embryo sternal chondrocyte cilia and their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, for the first time, double-tilt electron tomography. Ciliary bending was also examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. Tomography and TEM showed the ciliary axoneme to interdigitate amongst collagen fibres and condensed proteoglycans. TEM also revealed the presence of electron-opaque particles in the proximal axoneme which may represent intraciliary-transport (ICT) particles. We observed a wide range of ciliary bending patterns. Some conformed to a heavy elastica model associated with shear stress. Others were acutely deformed, suggesting ciliary deflection by collagen fibres and proteoglycans with which the cilia make contact. We conclude that mechanical forces transmitted through these matrix macromolecules bend the primary cilium, identifying it as a potential mechanosensor involved in skeletal patterning and growth.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1065-6995</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-8355</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.11.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14984755</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Cartilage - cytology ; Cartilage - embryology ; Chick Embryo ; Chondrocyte ; Chondrocytes - ultrastructure ; Cilia - ultrastructure ; Extracellular Matrix - ultrastructure ; Fibrillar Collagens - ultrastructure ; Hyalin - cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Primary cilium ; Proteoglycans - ultrastructure ; Tomography ; Transmission electron and confocal microscopy</subject><ispartof>Cell biology international, 2004-01, Vol.28 (2), p.101-110</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2004 International Federation for Cell Biology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5133-2dd6784a0b6cd22f8c16304b93b0cd02b96e0b33fdc7ad37668a80b7fdc157b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5133-2dd6784a0b6cd22f8c16304b93b0cd02b96e0b33fdc7ad37668a80b7fdc157b13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016%2Fj.cellbi.2003.11.007$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1016%2Fj.cellbi.2003.11.007$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984755$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jensen, C.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poole, C.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGlashan, S.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marko, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Issa, Z.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vujcich, K.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowser, S.S.</creatorcontrib><title>Ultrastructural, tomographic and confocal imaging of the chondrocyte primary cilium in situ</title><title>Cell biology international</title><addtitle>Cell Biol Int</addtitle><description>Hyaline cartilage chondrocytes express one primary cilium per cell, but its function remains unknown. We examined the ultrastructure of chick embryo sternal chondrocyte cilia and their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, for the first time, double-tilt electron tomography. Ciliary bending was also examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. Tomography and TEM showed the ciliary axoneme to interdigitate amongst collagen fibres and condensed proteoglycans. TEM also revealed the presence of electron-opaque particles in the proximal axoneme which may represent intraciliary-transport (ICT) particles. We observed a wide range of ciliary bending patterns. Some conformed to a heavy elastica model associated with shear stress. Others were acutely deformed, suggesting ciliary deflection by collagen fibres and proteoglycans with which the cilia make contact. We conclude that mechanical forces transmitted through these matrix macromolecules bend the primary cilium, identifying it as a potential mechanosensor involved in skeletal patterning and growth.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cartilage - cytology</subject><subject>Cartilage - embryology</subject><subject>Chick Embryo</subject><subject>Chondrocyte</subject><subject>Chondrocytes - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Cilia - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Extracellular Matrix - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Fibrillar Collagens - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Hyalin - cytology</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Microscopy, Confocal</subject><subject>Microscopy, Immunoelectron</subject><subject>Primary cilium</subject><subject>Proteoglycans - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>Transmission electron and confocal microscopy</subject><issn>1065-6995</issn><issn>1095-8355</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEGP1CAYhonRuOvqPzCGkydb-UqB1oOJTnTdZDJedjXRA6FAZxjbMgJV59_LpBO9GU9AeN433_cg9BRICQT4y32p7TB0rqwIoSVASYi4hy6BtKxoKGP3T3fOCt627AI9inFPCEDd8IfoAuq2qQVjl-jr3ZCCiinMOs1BDS9w8qPfBnXYOY3VZLD2U--1GrAb1dZNW-x7nHYW652fTPD6mCw-hPwZjli7wc0jdhOOLs2P0YNeDdE-OZ9X6O79u9vVh2L98fpm9WZdaAaUFpUxXDS1Ih3Xpqr6RgOnpO5a2hFtSNW13JKO0t5ooQwVnDeqIZ3Ib2CiA3qFni-9h-C_zzYmObp4kqMm6-coBXBBgVYZrBdQBx9jsL08Dy6ByJNUuZeLVHmSKgFklppjz879czda8zd0tpiBVwvw0w32-F-lcvX2ZgOM0hwulrCLyf76E1bhm8xjCyY_b65lvd58oZ9u15Jn_vXC26z0h7NBRu3spK1xweokjXf_Xuc3EG2szw</recordid><startdate>20040101</startdate><enddate>20040101</enddate><creator>Jensen, C.G.</creator><creator>Poole, C.A.</creator><creator>McGlashan, S.R.</creator><creator>Marko, M.</creator><creator>Issa, Z.I.</creator><creator>Vujcich, K.V.</creator><creator>Bowser, S.S.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040101</creationdate><title>Ultrastructural, tomographic and confocal imaging of the chondrocyte primary cilium in situ</title><author>Jensen, C.G. ; Poole, C.A. ; McGlashan, S.R. ; Marko, M. ; Issa, Z.I. ; Vujcich, K.V. ; Bowser, S.S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5133-2dd6784a0b6cd22f8c16304b93b0cd02b96e0b33fdc7ad37668a80b7fdc157b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cartilage - cytology</topic><topic>Cartilage - embryology</topic><topic>Chick Embryo</topic><topic>Chondrocyte</topic><topic>Chondrocytes - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Cilia - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Extracellular Matrix - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Fibrillar Collagens - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Hyalin - cytology</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Microscopy, Confocal</topic><topic>Microscopy, Immunoelectron</topic><topic>Primary cilium</topic><topic>Proteoglycans - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><topic>Transmission electron and confocal microscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jensen, C.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poole, C.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGlashan, S.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marko, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Issa, Z.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vujcich, K.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowser, S.S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cell biology international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jensen, C.G.</au><au>Poole, C.A.</au><au>McGlashan, S.R.</au><au>Marko, M.</au><au>Issa, Z.I.</au><au>Vujcich, K.V.</au><au>Bowser, S.S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ultrastructural, tomographic and confocal imaging of the chondrocyte primary cilium in situ</atitle><jtitle>Cell biology international</jtitle><addtitle>Cell Biol Int</addtitle><date>2004-01-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>101</spage><epage>110</epage><pages>101-110</pages><issn>1065-6995</issn><eissn>1095-8355</eissn><abstract>Hyaline cartilage chondrocytes express one primary cilium per cell, but its function remains unknown. We examined the ultrastructure of chick embryo sternal chondrocyte cilia and their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, for the first time, double-tilt electron tomography. Ciliary bending was also examined by confocal immunohistochemistry. Tomography and TEM showed the ciliary axoneme to interdigitate amongst collagen fibres and condensed proteoglycans. TEM also revealed the presence of electron-opaque particles in the proximal axoneme which may represent intraciliary-transport (ICT) particles. We observed a wide range of ciliary bending patterns. Some conformed to a heavy elastica model associated with shear stress. Others were acutely deformed, suggesting ciliary deflection by collagen fibres and proteoglycans with which the cilia make contact. We conclude that mechanical forces transmitted through these matrix macromolecules bend the primary cilium, identifying it as a potential mechanosensor involved in skeletal patterning and growth.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>14984755</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.11.007</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Cartilage - cytology Cartilage - embryology Chick Embryo Chondrocyte Chondrocytes - ultrastructure Cilia - ultrastructure Extracellular Matrix - ultrastructure Fibrillar Collagens - ultrastructure Hyalin - cytology Immunohistochemistry Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Immunoelectron Primary cilium Proteoglycans - ultrastructure Tomography Transmission electron and confocal microscopy |
| title | Ultrastructural, tomographic and confocal imaging of the chondrocyte primary cilium in situ |
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