Kotomolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis through the induction of ATM/p53 and the initiation of mitochondrial system in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells

This study first investigates the anticancer effect of kotomolide A (KTA) in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, A549. KTA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased the...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Food and chemical toxicology 2008-07, Vol.46 (7), p.2476-2484
Hauptverfasser: Chen, Chung-Yi, Hsu, Ya-Ling, Tsai, Yu-Chieh, Kuo, Po-Lin
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 2484
container_issue 7
container_start_page 2476
container_title Food and chemical toxicology
container_volume 46
creator Chen, Chung-Yi
Hsu, Ya-Ling
Tsai, Yu-Chieh
Kuo, Po-Lin
description This study first investigates the anticancer effect of kotomolide A (KTA) in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, A549. KTA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased the activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). Activation of ATM by KTA phosphorylated p53 at Serine15, resulting in increased stability of p53 by decreasing p53 and murine double minute-2 (MDM2) interaction. In addition, KTA-mediated G2/M phase arrest also was associated with the decrease in the amounts of cyclinB1, cyclinA, Cdc2 and Cdc25C and increase in the phosphorylation of Chk2, Cdc25C and Cdc2. Specific ATM inhibitor, caffeine, significantly decreased KTA-mediated G2/M arrest by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p53 (Serine15) and Chk2. KTA treatment triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and caspase-9 activation. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for ATM and p53 in KTA-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.016
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71658019</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0278691508001750</els_id><sourcerecordid>19530424</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-109e10768ed2b170ed36bca8eafedccf86facf9df78ddc432cbaae7de49c4b353</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc2O1DAQhCMEYoeFB-ACvsAt2bbj_InTaMWfWMSB3bPl2O0ZjxJ7sJOV5t14OJzNADc4tdT9VatUlWUvKRQUaH11KIyaCgbQFsCLtHmUbWjblHldVvRxtgHWtHnd0eoiexbjAQAa2tRPswvaVpTSuttkP7_4yY9-sBrJlsgQME6RKBwGok5qQHIMfpeW0XpHpNPEOj0rjEQe_XHy0UYy7YOfd_s0cb1OC-sN2d5-vTpW5YNsPdrJyt_X0U5e7b3TwcqBxFOccEwI2c-jdMR5l8dRLjYWL8PsdkRJpzCQbcW7h218nj0xcoj44jwvs7sP72-vP-U33z5-vt7e5IqX9ZRT6JBCU7eoWU8bQF3WvZItSoNaKdPWRirTadO0WicJU72U2GjkneJ9WZWX2dv1bwrjx5wSEqONiwPp0M9RNLSuWqDdf0HaVSVwxhNIV1AFH2NAI47BjjKcBAWxdCsOInUrlm4FcJE2SfPq_HzuR9R_FecyE_DmDMio5GBCysvGPxwDzjlrIXGvV85IL-QuJObuOwNaAnSsAbZ8ercSmFK9txhEVBZT-toGTLa0t_8w-gslmM9S</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19530424</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Kotomolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis through the induction of ATM/p53 and the initiation of mitochondrial system in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete</source><creator>Chen, Chung-Yi ; Hsu, Ya-Ling ; Tsai, Yu-Chieh ; Kuo, Po-Lin</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chung-Yi ; Hsu, Ya-Ling ; Tsai, Yu-Chieh ; Kuo, Po-Lin</creatorcontrib><description>This study first investigates the anticancer effect of kotomolide A (KTA) in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, A549. KTA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased the activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). Activation of ATM by KTA phosphorylated p53 at Serine15, resulting in increased stability of p53 by decreasing p53 and murine double minute-2 (MDM2) interaction. In addition, KTA-mediated G2/M phase arrest also was associated with the decrease in the amounts of cyclinB1, cyclinA, Cdc2 and Cdc25C and increase in the phosphorylation of Chk2, Cdc25C and Cdc2. Specific ATM inhibitor, caffeine, significantly decreased KTA-mediated G2/M arrest by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p53 (Serine15) and Chk2. KTA treatment triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and caspase-9 activation. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for ATM and p53 in KTA-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18511169</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>4-Butyrolactone - analogs &amp; derivatives ; 4-Butyrolactone - pharmacology ; Animals ; anticarcinogenic activity ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; ataxia telangiectasia-mutated ; ATM ; Biological and medical sciences ; biological resistance ; Caspase 9 - metabolism ; caspase-9 ; CDC2 Protein Kinase ; cdc25 Phosphatases - metabolism ; Cell cycle ; Cell Cycle - drug effects ; Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism ; cell growth ; cell lines ; Cinnamomum ; Cinnamomum kotoense ; Cyclin A - metabolism ; Cyclin B - metabolism ; Cyclin B1 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; enzyme activation ; human diseases ; Humans ; inhibitors ; Kotomolide A ; leaves ; lung neoplasms ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; mitochondria ; Mitochondria - drug effects ; Mitochondria - physiology ; Mitochondrial pathway ; murine double minute-2 ; p53 ; Phosphorylation ; plant extracts ; Pneumology ; protein kinases ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism ; signal transduction ; Toxicology ; transcription factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism ; Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2008-07, Vol.46 (7), p.2476-2484</ispartof><rights>2008</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-109e10768ed2b170ed36bca8eafedccf86facf9df78ddc432cbaae7de49c4b353</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-109e10768ed2b170ed36bca8eafedccf86facf9df78ddc432cbaae7de49c4b353</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691508001750$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=20444280$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511169$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chung-Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Ya-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Yu-Chieh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Po-Lin</creatorcontrib><title>Kotomolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis through the induction of ATM/p53 and the initiation of mitochondrial system in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>This study first investigates the anticancer effect of kotomolide A (KTA) in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, A549. KTA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased the activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). Activation of ATM by KTA phosphorylated p53 at Serine15, resulting in increased stability of p53 by decreasing p53 and murine double minute-2 (MDM2) interaction. In addition, KTA-mediated G2/M phase arrest also was associated with the decrease in the amounts of cyclinB1, cyclinA, Cdc2 and Cdc25C and increase in the phosphorylation of Chk2, Cdc25C and Cdc2. Specific ATM inhibitor, caffeine, significantly decreased KTA-mediated G2/M arrest by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p53 (Serine15) and Chk2. KTA treatment triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and caspase-9 activation. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for ATM and p53 in KTA-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells.</description><subject>4-Butyrolactone - analogs &amp; derivatives</subject><subject>4-Butyrolactone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>anticarcinogenic activity</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins</subject><subject>ataxia telangiectasia-mutated</subject><subject>ATM</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>biological resistance</subject><subject>Caspase 9 - metabolism</subject><subject>caspase-9</subject><subject>CDC2 Protein Kinase</subject><subject>cdc25 Phosphatases - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Cycle - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>cell growth</subject><subject>cell lines</subject><subject>Cinnamomum</subject><subject>Cinnamomum kotoense</subject><subject>Cyclin A - metabolism</subject><subject>Cyclin B - metabolism</subject><subject>Cyclin B1</subject><subject>Cyclin-Dependent Kinases</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>enzyme activation</subject><subject>human diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>inhibitors</subject><subject>Kotomolide A</subject><subject>leaves</subject><subject>lung neoplasms</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondria - drug effects</subject><subject>Mitochondria - physiology</subject><subject>Mitochondrial pathway</subject><subject>murine double minute-2</subject><subject>p53</subject><subject>Phosphorylation</subject><subject>plant extracts</subject><subject>Pneumology</subject><subject>protein kinases</subject><subject>Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>signal transduction</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>transcription factors</subject><subject>Tumor Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism</subject><subject>Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc2O1DAQhCMEYoeFB-ACvsAt2bbj_InTaMWfWMSB3bPl2O0ZjxJ7sJOV5t14OJzNADc4tdT9VatUlWUvKRQUaH11KIyaCgbQFsCLtHmUbWjblHldVvRxtgHWtHnd0eoiexbjAQAa2tRPswvaVpTSuttkP7_4yY9-sBrJlsgQME6RKBwGok5qQHIMfpeW0XpHpNPEOj0rjEQe_XHy0UYy7YOfd_s0cb1OC-sN2d5-vTpW5YNsPdrJyt_X0U5e7b3TwcqBxFOccEwI2c-jdMR5l8dRLjYWL8PsdkRJpzCQbcW7h218nj0xcoj44jwvs7sP72-vP-U33z5-vt7e5IqX9ZRT6JBCU7eoWU8bQF3WvZItSoNaKdPWRirTadO0WicJU72U2GjkneJ9WZWX2dv1bwrjx5wSEqONiwPp0M9RNLSuWqDdf0HaVSVwxhNIV1AFH2NAI47BjjKcBAWxdCsOInUrlm4FcJE2SfPq_HzuR9R_FecyE_DmDMio5GBCysvGPxwDzjlrIXGvV85IL-QuJObuOwNaAnSsAbZ8ercSmFK9txhEVBZT-toGTLa0t_8w-gslmM9S</recordid><startdate>20080701</startdate><enddate>20080701</enddate><creator>Chen, Chung-Yi</creator><creator>Hsu, Ya-Ling</creator><creator>Tsai, Yu-Chieh</creator><creator>Kuo, Po-Lin</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080701</creationdate><title>Kotomolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis through the induction of ATM/p53 and the initiation of mitochondrial system in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells</title><author>Chen, Chung-Yi ; Hsu, Ya-Ling ; Tsai, Yu-Chieh ; Kuo, Po-Lin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-109e10768ed2b170ed36bca8eafedccf86facf9df78ddc432cbaae7de49c4b353</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>4-Butyrolactone - analogs &amp; derivatives</topic><topic>4-Butyrolactone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>anticarcinogenic activity</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins</topic><topic>ataxia telangiectasia-mutated</topic><topic>ATM</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>biological resistance</topic><topic>Caspase 9 - metabolism</topic><topic>caspase-9</topic><topic>CDC2 Protein Kinase</topic><topic>cdc25 Phosphatases - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell Cycle - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>cell growth</topic><topic>cell lines</topic><topic>Cinnamomum</topic><topic>Cinnamomum kotoense</topic><topic>Cyclin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Cyclin B - metabolism</topic><topic>Cyclin B1</topic><topic>Cyclin-Dependent Kinases</topic><topic>DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>enzyme activation</topic><topic>human diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>inhibitors</topic><topic>Kotomolide A</topic><topic>leaves</topic><topic>lung neoplasms</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>mitochondria</topic><topic>Mitochondria - drug effects</topic><topic>Mitochondria - physiology</topic><topic>Mitochondrial pathway</topic><topic>murine double minute-2</topic><topic>p53</topic><topic>Phosphorylation</topic><topic>plant extracts</topic><topic>Pneumology</topic><topic>protein kinases</topic><topic>Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>signal transduction</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>transcription factors</topic><topic>Tumor Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism</topic><topic>Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chung-Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Ya-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Yu-Chieh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Po-Lin</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Chung-Yi</au><au>Hsu, Ya-Ling</au><au>Tsai, Yu-Chieh</au><au>Kuo, Po-Lin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Kotomolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis through the induction of ATM/p53 and the initiation of mitochondrial system in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2008-07-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>2476</spage><epage>2484</epage><pages>2476-2484</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>This study first investigates the anticancer effect of kotomolide A (KTA) in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, A549. KTA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased the activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). Activation of ATM by KTA phosphorylated p53 at Serine15, resulting in increased stability of p53 by decreasing p53 and murine double minute-2 (MDM2) interaction. In addition, KTA-mediated G2/M phase arrest also was associated with the decrease in the amounts of cyclinB1, cyclinA, Cdc2 and Cdc25C and increase in the phosphorylation of Chk2, Cdc25C and Cdc2. Specific ATM inhibitor, caffeine, significantly decreased KTA-mediated G2/M arrest by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p53 (Serine15) and Chk2. KTA treatment triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and caspase-9 activation. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for ATM and p53 in KTA-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>18511169</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.016</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0278-6915
ispartof Food and chemical toxicology, 2008-07, Vol.46 (7), p.2476-2484
issn 0278-6915
1873-6351
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71658019
source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete
subjects 4-Butyrolactone - analogs & derivatives
4-Butyrolactone - pharmacology
Animals
anticarcinogenic activity
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
ataxia telangiectasia-mutated
ATM
Biological and medical sciences
biological resistance
Caspase 9 - metabolism
caspase-9
CDC2 Protein Kinase
cdc25 Phosphatases - metabolism
Cell cycle
Cell Cycle - drug effects
Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism
cell growth
cell lines
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum kotoense
Cyclin A - metabolism
Cyclin B - metabolism
Cyclin B1
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
enzyme activation
human diseases
Humans
inhibitors
Kotomolide A
leaves
lung neoplasms
Medical sciences
Mice
mitochondria
Mitochondria - drug effects
Mitochondria - physiology
Mitochondrial pathway
murine double minute-2
p53
Phosphorylation
plant extracts
Pneumology
protein kinases
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism
signal transduction
Toxicology
transcription factors
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism
Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism
Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum
title Kotomolide A arrests cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis through the induction of ATM/p53 and the initiation of mitochondrial system in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-20T20%3A27%3A16IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kotomolide%20A%20arrests%20cell%20cycle%20progression%20and%20induces%20apoptosis%20through%20the%20induction%20of%20ATM/p53%20and%20the%20initiation%20of%20mitochondrial%20system%20in%20human%20non-small%20cell%20lung%20cancer%20A549%20cells&rft.jtitle=Food%20and%20chemical%20toxicology&rft.au=Chen,%20Chung-Yi&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2476&rft.epage=2484&rft.pages=2476-2484&rft.issn=0278-6915&rft.eissn=1873-6351&rft.coden=FCTOD7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.016&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E19530424%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=19530424&rft_id=info:pmid/18511169&rft_els_id=S0278691508001750&rfr_iscdi=true