Neural correlates of consciousness in humans
Key Points The primate visual system is the best-characterized sensory system and has therefore been used as a model in which to study the neural correlates of visual consciousness. Electrophysiological studies in monkeys and functional neuroimaging studies in humans can be used to address this issu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature reviews. Neuroscience 2002-04, Vol.3 (4), p.261-270 |
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| creator | Rees, Geraint Kreiman, Gabriel Koch, Christof |
| description | Key Points
The primate visual system is the best-characterized sensory system and has therefore been used as a model in which to study the neural correlates of visual consciousness. Electrophysiological studies in monkeys and functional neuroimaging studies in humans can be used to address this issue. To identify the neural correlates of conscious experience (as opposed to simply being conscious), it is necessary to dissociate the neural activity that correlates with a single conscious experience from activity that reflects unconscious perception or action associated with that experience.
Activity in primary visual cortex (V1) is necessary for conscious perception of a visual stimulus. However, some of the information represented in V1 (such as which eye a stimulus is presented to) is not available to consciousness, and activity in V1 does not always correlate with conscious experience. The current evidence supports the idea that activity in V1 is necessary but not sufficient for conscious perception.
Activity in areas of extrastriate visual cortex correlates more closely with visual perception, and damage to these areas can selectively impair the ability to perceive particular features of stimuli. But there is also some evidence that the correlation between activity in extrastriate cortex and conscious experience is not perfect.
It is possible that the timing or synchronization of neural activity, rather than simply the overall level of spiking, might correlate with or mediate awareness. Although there is some evidence to support this theory, it has not been possible to show in primates that disrupting synchrony of firing causes any perceptual impairment. The evidence that addresses these ideas is preliminary.
Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that activity in areas of parietal and prefrontal cortex might also be associated with visual awareness. The authors suggest that activity in extrastriate visual cortex might require an additional contribution from these areas to mediate awareness. Neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the parietal or prefrontal cortices, in whom disturbances of visual attention and visual awareness can occur, supports this theory, although in these patients awareness is disturbed but not eliminated.
A better understanding of the neural correlates of consciousness in specialized areas of extrastriate visual cortex will help us to understand awareness. Another important area for study will be the interacti |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nrn783 |
| format | Article |
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The primate visual system is the best-characterized sensory system and has therefore been used as a model in which to study the neural correlates of visual consciousness. Electrophysiological studies in monkeys and functional neuroimaging studies in humans can be used to address this issue. To identify the neural correlates of conscious experience (as opposed to simply being conscious), it is necessary to dissociate the neural activity that correlates with a single conscious experience from activity that reflects unconscious perception or action associated with that experience.
Activity in primary visual cortex (V1) is necessary for conscious perception of a visual stimulus. However, some of the information represented in V1 (such as which eye a stimulus is presented to) is not available to consciousness, and activity in V1 does not always correlate with conscious experience. The current evidence supports the idea that activity in V1 is necessary but not sufficient for conscious perception.
Activity in areas of extrastriate visual cortex correlates more closely with visual perception, and damage to these areas can selectively impair the ability to perceive particular features of stimuli. But there is also some evidence that the correlation between activity in extrastriate cortex and conscious experience is not perfect.
It is possible that the timing or synchronization of neural activity, rather than simply the overall level of spiking, might correlate with or mediate awareness. Although there is some evidence to support this theory, it has not been possible to show in primates that disrupting synchrony of firing causes any perceptual impairment. The evidence that addresses these ideas is preliminary.
Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that activity in areas of parietal and prefrontal cortex might also be associated with visual awareness. The authors suggest that activity in extrastriate visual cortex might require an additional contribution from these areas to mediate awareness. Neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the parietal or prefrontal cortices, in whom disturbances of visual attention and visual awareness can occur, supports this theory, although in these patients awareness is disturbed but not eliminated.
A better understanding of the neural correlates of consciousness in specialized areas of extrastriate visual cortex will help us to understand awareness. Another important area for study will be the interactions between ventral and dorsal areas.
The directness and vivid quality of conscious experience belies the complexity of the underlying neural mechanisms, which remain incompletely understood. Recent work has focused on identifying the brain structures and patterns of neural activity within the primate visual system that are correlated with the content of visual consciousness. Functional neuroimaging in humans and electrophysiology in awake mokeys indicate that there are important differences between striate and extrastriate visual cortex in how well neural activity correlates with consciousness. Moreover, recent neuroimaging studies indicate that, in addition to these ventral areas of visual cortex, dorsal prefrontal and parietal areas might contribute to conscious visual experience.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-003X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1471-0048</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-0048</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-3178</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nrn783</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11967556</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Animal Genetics and Genomics ; Animals ; Behavioral Sciences ; Biological Techniques ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology ; Cerebral Cortex - physiology ; Consciousness ; Consciousness - physiology ; Dreams ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical imaging ; Models, Biological ; Neurobiology ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons ; Neurons - cytology ; Neurons - metabolism ; Neurosciences ; review-article ; Visual Pathways - physiology ; Visual Perception - physiology</subject><ispartof>Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2002-04, Vol.3 (4), p.261-270</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2002</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2002 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-fc9bbb147a7818bfa8171bb0018fc4e387f06177b85f20b3af573555c5ed69c23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-fc9bbb147a7818bfa8171bb0018fc4e387f06177b85f20b3af573555c5ed69c23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/nrn783$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/nrn783$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2727,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11967556$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rees, Geraint</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiman, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koch, Christof</creatorcontrib><title>Neural correlates of consciousness in humans</title><title>Nature reviews. Neuroscience</title><addtitle>Nat Rev Neurosci</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Rev Neurosci</addtitle><description>Key Points
The primate visual system is the best-characterized sensory system and has therefore been used as a model in which to study the neural correlates of visual consciousness. Electrophysiological studies in monkeys and functional neuroimaging studies in humans can be used to address this issue. To identify the neural correlates of conscious experience (as opposed to simply being conscious), it is necessary to dissociate the neural activity that correlates with a single conscious experience from activity that reflects unconscious perception or action associated with that experience.
Activity in primary visual cortex (V1) is necessary for conscious perception of a visual stimulus. However, some of the information represented in V1 (such as which eye a stimulus is presented to) is not available to consciousness, and activity in V1 does not always correlate with conscious experience. The current evidence supports the idea that activity in V1 is necessary but not sufficient for conscious perception.
Activity in areas of extrastriate visual cortex correlates more closely with visual perception, and damage to these areas can selectively impair the ability to perceive particular features of stimuli. But there is also some evidence that the correlation between activity in extrastriate cortex and conscious experience is not perfect.
It is possible that the timing or synchronization of neural activity, rather than simply the overall level of spiking, might correlate with or mediate awareness. Although there is some evidence to support this theory, it has not been possible to show in primates that disrupting synchrony of firing causes any perceptual impairment. The evidence that addresses these ideas is preliminary.
Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that activity in areas of parietal and prefrontal cortex might also be associated with visual awareness. The authors suggest that activity in extrastriate visual cortex might require an additional contribution from these areas to mediate awareness. Neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the parietal or prefrontal cortices, in whom disturbances of visual attention and visual awareness can occur, supports this theory, although in these patients awareness is disturbed but not eliminated.
A better understanding of the neural correlates of consciousness in specialized areas of extrastriate visual cortex will help us to understand awareness. Another important area for study will be the interactions between ventral and dorsal areas.
The directness and vivid quality of conscious experience belies the complexity of the underlying neural mechanisms, which remain incompletely understood. Recent work has focused on identifying the brain structures and patterns of neural activity within the primate visual system that are correlated with the content of visual consciousness. Functional neuroimaging in humans and electrophysiology in awake mokeys indicate that there are important differences between striate and extrastriate visual cortex in how well neural activity correlates with consciousness. Moreover, recent neuroimaging studies indicate that, in addition to these ventral areas of visual cortex, dorsal prefrontal and parietal areas might contribute to conscious visual experience.</description><subject>Animal Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavioral Sciences</subject><subject>Biological Techniques</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Consciousness</subject><subject>Consciousness - physiology</subject><subject>Dreams</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Neurobiology</subject><subject>Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurons - cytology</subject><subject>Neurons - metabolism</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>review-article</subject><subject>Visual Pathways - physiology</subject><subject>Visual Perception - physiology</subject><issn>1471-003X</issn><issn>1471-0048</issn><issn>1471-0048</issn><issn>1469-3178</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtLAzEQx4Movv0EIkVBL7Ymm80meyzFFxS9KHgLSTqpW3azNdk9-O1N2aXFB0gOecwv__nPDEInBI8IpuLGeccF3UL7JOVkiHEqttdn-raHDkJYYEwywrNdtEdInnHGsn10_QStV-XA1N5DqRoIg9rGmwumqNvgIIRB4QbvbaVcOEI7VpUBjvv9EL3e3b5MHobT5_vHyXg6NCmjzdCaXGsdkysuiNBWCcKJ1jG9sCYFKrjF0QjXgtkEa6os45QxZhjMstwk9BBddrpLX3-0EBpZFcFAWSoH0ZTkJGOY5-xfkIgU00SkETz_AS7q1rtYhEwSFlvEyAq66KC5KkEWztaNV2alKMdE5JhSnGeRGv1BxTWDqoiNA1vE928fepPG1yF4sHLpi0r5T0mwXA1PdsOL4FlvstUVzDZYP60IXHVAiCE3B7-p4pfUaUc61bQe1lJ9-AsUvqh5</recordid><startdate>20020401</startdate><enddate>20020401</enddate><creator>Rees, Geraint</creator><creator>Kreiman, Gabriel</creator><creator>Koch, Christof</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020401</creationdate><title>Neural correlates of consciousness in humans</title><author>Rees, Geraint ; 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Neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rees, Geraint</au><au>Kreiman, Gabriel</au><au>Koch, Christof</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Neural correlates of consciousness in humans</atitle><jtitle>Nature reviews. Neuroscience</jtitle><stitle>Nat Rev Neurosci</stitle><addtitle>Nat Rev Neurosci</addtitle><date>2002-04-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>261</spage><epage>270</epage><pages>261-270</pages><issn>1471-003X</issn><issn>1471-0048</issn><eissn>1471-0048</eissn><eissn>1469-3178</eissn><abstract>Key Points
The primate visual system is the best-characterized sensory system and has therefore been used as a model in which to study the neural correlates of visual consciousness. Electrophysiological studies in monkeys and functional neuroimaging studies in humans can be used to address this issue. To identify the neural correlates of conscious experience (as opposed to simply being conscious), it is necessary to dissociate the neural activity that correlates with a single conscious experience from activity that reflects unconscious perception or action associated with that experience.
Activity in primary visual cortex (V1) is necessary for conscious perception of a visual stimulus. However, some of the information represented in V1 (such as which eye a stimulus is presented to) is not available to consciousness, and activity in V1 does not always correlate with conscious experience. The current evidence supports the idea that activity in V1 is necessary but not sufficient for conscious perception.
Activity in areas of extrastriate visual cortex correlates more closely with visual perception, and damage to these areas can selectively impair the ability to perceive particular features of stimuli. But there is also some evidence that the correlation between activity in extrastriate cortex and conscious experience is not perfect.
It is possible that the timing or synchronization of neural activity, rather than simply the overall level of spiking, might correlate with or mediate awareness. Although there is some evidence to support this theory, it has not been possible to show in primates that disrupting synchrony of firing causes any perceptual impairment. The evidence that addresses these ideas is preliminary.
Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that activity in areas of parietal and prefrontal cortex might also be associated with visual awareness. The authors suggest that activity in extrastriate visual cortex might require an additional contribution from these areas to mediate awareness. Neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the parietal or prefrontal cortices, in whom disturbances of visual attention and visual awareness can occur, supports this theory, although in these patients awareness is disturbed but not eliminated.
A better understanding of the neural correlates of consciousness in specialized areas of extrastriate visual cortex will help us to understand awareness. Another important area for study will be the interactions between ventral and dorsal areas.
The directness and vivid quality of conscious experience belies the complexity of the underlying neural mechanisms, which remain incompletely understood. Recent work has focused on identifying the brain structures and patterns of neural activity within the primate visual system that are correlated with the content of visual consciousness. Functional neuroimaging in humans and electrophysiology in awake mokeys indicate that there are important differences between striate and extrastriate visual cortex in how well neural activity correlates with consciousness. Moreover, recent neuroimaging studies indicate that, in addition to these ventral areas of visual cortex, dorsal prefrontal and parietal areas might contribute to conscious visual experience.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>11967556</pmid><doi>10.1038/nrn783</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Behavioral Sciences Biological Techniques Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology Cerebral Cortex - physiology Consciousness Consciousness - physiology Dreams Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Medical imaging Models, Biological Neurobiology Neuroimaging Neurons Neurons - cytology Neurons - metabolism Neurosciences review-article Visual Pathways - physiology Visual Perception - physiology |
| title | Neural correlates of consciousness in humans |
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