Comparative analysis of the diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms
Bacterial contamination of raw milk can originate from different sources: air, milking equipment, feed, soil, faeces and grass. It is hypothesized that differences in feeding and housing strategies of cows may influence the microbial quality of milk. This assumption was investigated through comparis...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Systematic and applied microbiology 2008-06, Vol.31 (2), p.126-140 |
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| creator | Coorevits, An De Jonghe, Valerie Vandroemme, Joachim Reekmans, Rieka Heyrman, Jeroen Messens, Winy De Vos, Paul Heyndrickx, Marc |
| description | Bacterial contamination of raw milk can originate from different sources: air, milking equipment, feed, soil, faeces and grass. It is hypothesized that differences in feeding and housing strategies of cows may influence the microbial quality of milk. This assumption was investigated through comparison of the aerobic spore-forming flora in milk from organic and conventional dairy farms. Laboratory pasteurized milk samples from five conventional and five organic dairy farms, sampled in late summer/autumn and in winter, were plated on a standard medium and two differential media, one screening for phospholipolytic and the other for proteolytic activity of bacteria. Almost 930 isolates were obtained of which 898 could be screened via fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Representative isolates were further analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and (GTG)
5-PCR. The majority of aerobic spore-formers in milk belonged to the genus
Bacillus and showed at least 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of
Bacillus licheniformis,
Bacillus pumilus,
Bacillus circulans,
Bacillus subtilis and with type strains of species belonging to the
Bacillus cereus group. About 7% of all isolates may belong to possibly new spore-forming taxa. Although the overall diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in milk from organic vs. conventional dairy farms was highly similar, some differences between both were observed: (i) a relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms in milk from conventional dairy farms compared to organic farms (41.2% vs. 25.9%), and (ii) a relatively higher number of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic (81.3%) and
Ureibacillus thermosphaericus in milk from conventional (85.7%) dairy farms. One of these differences, the higher occurrence of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic dairy farms, may be linked to differences in housing strategy between the two types of dairy farming. However, no plausible clarification was found for the relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms and the higher occurrence of
U. thermosphaericus in milk from conventional dairy farms. Possibly this is due to differences in feeding strategy but no decisive indications were found to support this assumption. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.03.002 |
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5-PCR. The majority of aerobic spore-formers in milk belonged to the genus
Bacillus and showed at least 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of
Bacillus licheniformis,
Bacillus pumilus,
Bacillus circulans,
Bacillus subtilis and with type strains of species belonging to the
Bacillus cereus group. About 7% of all isolates may belong to possibly new spore-forming taxa. Although the overall diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in milk from organic vs. conventional dairy farms was highly similar, some differences between both were observed: (i) a relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms in milk from conventional dairy farms compared to organic farms (41.2% vs. 25.9%), and (ii) a relatively higher number of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic (81.3%) and
Ureibacillus thermosphaericus in milk from conventional (85.7%) dairy farms. One of these differences, the higher occurrence of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic dairy farms, may be linked to differences in housing strategy between the two types of dairy farming. However, no plausible clarification was found for the relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms and the higher occurrence of
U. thermosphaericus in milk from conventional dairy farms. Possibly this is due to differences in feeding strategy but no decisive indications were found to support this assumption.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0723-2020</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1618-0984</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.03.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18406093</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SAMIDF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>München: Elsevier GmbH</publisher><subject>Aerobic spore-formers ; Animals ; Bacillus ; Bacillus (bacteria) ; Bacillus cereus ; Bacillus circulans ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Bacillus pumilus ; Bacillus s.l ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria, Aerobic - classification ; Bacteria, Aerobic - genetics ; Bacteria, Aerobic - isolation & purification ; Bacteria, Aerobic - metabolism ; bacterial contamination ; Biodiversity ; Biological and medical sciences ; dairy farming ; DNA, Bacterial - chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; Fatty Acids - analysis ; food contamination ; Food industries ; Food, Organic - microbiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genes, rRNA ; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - classification ; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - genetics ; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - metabolism ; Milk - microbiology ; Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams ; Molecular Sequence Data ; organic production ; Organic vs. conventional ; pasteurized milk ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods ; Raw milk ; ribosomal RNA ; RNA, Bacterial - genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; sequence analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Ureibacillus thermosphaericus</subject><ispartof>Systematic and applied microbiology, 2008-06, Vol.31 (2), p.126-140</ispartof><rights>2008 Elsevier GmbH</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c553t-b0907252b8695f8a0b38a864e77a7723fa051f7e8304701d49953668b9bb5a73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c553t-b0907252b8695f8a0b38a864e77a7723fa051f7e8304701d49953668b9bb5a73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2008.03.002$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20479523$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18406093$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Coorevits, An</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Jonghe, Valerie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vandroemme, Joachim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reekmans, Rieka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heyrman, Jeroen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messens, Winy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Vos, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heyndrickx, Marc</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative analysis of the diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms</title><title>Systematic and applied microbiology</title><addtitle>Syst Appl Microbiol</addtitle><description>Bacterial contamination of raw milk can originate from different sources: air, milking equipment, feed, soil, faeces and grass. It is hypothesized that differences in feeding and housing strategies of cows may influence the microbial quality of milk. This assumption was investigated through comparison of the aerobic spore-forming flora in milk from organic and conventional dairy farms. Laboratory pasteurized milk samples from five conventional and five organic dairy farms, sampled in late summer/autumn and in winter, were plated on a standard medium and two differential media, one screening for phospholipolytic and the other for proteolytic activity of bacteria. Almost 930 isolates were obtained of which 898 could be screened via fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Representative isolates were further analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and (GTG)
5-PCR. The majority of aerobic spore-formers in milk belonged to the genus
Bacillus and showed at least 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of
Bacillus licheniformis,
Bacillus pumilus,
Bacillus circulans,
Bacillus subtilis and with type strains of species belonging to the
Bacillus cereus group. About 7% of all isolates may belong to possibly new spore-forming taxa. Although the overall diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in milk from organic vs. conventional dairy farms was highly similar, some differences between both were observed: (i) a relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms in milk from conventional dairy farms compared to organic farms (41.2% vs. 25.9%), and (ii) a relatively higher number of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic (81.3%) and
Ureibacillus thermosphaericus in milk from conventional (85.7%) dairy farms. One of these differences, the higher occurrence of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic dairy farms, may be linked to differences in housing strategy between the two types of dairy farming. However, no plausible clarification was found for the relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms and the higher occurrence of
U. thermosphaericus in milk from conventional dairy farms. Possibly this is due to differences in feeding strategy but no decisive indications were found to support this assumption.</description><subject>Aerobic spore-formers</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacillus</subject><subject>Bacillus (bacteria)</subject><subject>Bacillus cereus</subject><subject>Bacillus circulans</subject><subject>Bacillus licheniformis</subject><subject>Bacillus pumilus</subject><subject>Bacillus s.l</subject><subject>Bacillus subtilis</subject><subject>Bacteria, Aerobic - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria, Aerobic - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteria, Aerobic - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Bacteria, Aerobic - metabolism</subject><subject>bacterial contamination</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>dairy farming</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - analysis</subject><subject>food contamination</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Food, Organic - microbiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genes, rRNA</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - metabolism</subject><subject>Milk - microbiology</subject><subject>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>organic production</subject><subject>Organic vs. conventional</subject><subject>pasteurized milk</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</subject><subject>Raw milk</subject><subject>ribosomal RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>sequence analysis</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Ureibacillus thermosphaericus</subject><issn>0723-2020</issn><issn>1618-0984</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU-LFDEQxRtR3NnVTyBoLnrrtpL0n-TgQQZdhQUPrudQnU7GjN3JmPSM9MHvbtoZ9KZQECh-ryqvXlE8o1BRoO3rfZUWPEwVAxAV8AqAPSg2tKWiBCnqh8UGOsZLBgyuiuuU9gC0li19XFxRUUMLkm-Kn9swHTDi7E6GoMdxSS6RYMn81ZAhN2Ny87I20MTQO03SIURT2hAn53ekRz2b6JA4TyL-IJMbvxEbw0RC3KHPPPqB6OBPxs8u5AVkQBcXYjFO6UnxyOKYzNPLe1Pcv393v_1Q3n26_bh9e1fqpuFz2YPMVhrWi1Y2ViD0XKBoa9N12GWPFqGhtjOCQ90BHWopG962opd932DHb4pX57GHGL4fTZrV5JI244jehGNSHW2ZyPVfMJ-a1ZyvID-DOoaUorHqEN2EcVEU1JqO2qvf6awSoYCrrMyq55fxx34yw1_NJY4MvLwAmDSONqLXLv3hWLYnG7ZyL86cxaBwFzPz5TMDygEkZXVdZ-LNmTD5rCdnokraGa_N4KLRsxqC--dXfwF2Mrh1</recordid><startdate>20080601</startdate><enddate>20080601</enddate><creator>Coorevits, An</creator><creator>De Jonghe, Valerie</creator><creator>Vandroemme, Joachim</creator><creator>Reekmans, Rieka</creator><creator>Heyrman, Jeroen</creator><creator>Messens, Winy</creator><creator>De Vos, Paul</creator><creator>Heyndrickx, Marc</creator><general>Elsevier GmbH</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080601</creationdate><title>Comparative analysis of the diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms</title><author>Coorevits, An ; De Jonghe, Valerie ; Vandroemme, Joachim ; Reekmans, Rieka ; Heyrman, Jeroen ; Messens, Winy ; De Vos, Paul ; Heyndrickx, Marc</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c553t-b0907252b8695f8a0b38a864e77a7723fa051f7e8304701d49953668b9bb5a73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Aerobic spore-formers</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacillus</topic><topic>Bacillus (bacteria)</topic><topic>Bacillus cereus</topic><topic>Bacillus circulans</topic><topic>Bacillus licheniformis</topic><topic>Bacillus pumilus</topic><topic>Bacillus s.l</topic><topic>Bacillus subtilis</topic><topic>Bacteria, Aerobic - classification</topic><topic>Bacteria, Aerobic - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteria, Aerobic - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Bacteria, Aerobic - metabolism</topic><topic>bacterial contamination</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>dairy farming</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - analysis</topic><topic>food contamination</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Food, Organic - microbiology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genes, rRNA</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - classification</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - metabolism</topic><topic>Milk - microbiology</topic><topic>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>organic production</topic><topic>Organic vs. conventional</topic><topic>pasteurized milk</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</topic><topic>Raw milk</topic><topic>ribosomal RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</topic><topic>sequence analysis</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>Ureibacillus thermosphaericus</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Coorevits, An</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Jonghe, Valerie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vandroemme, Joachim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reekmans, Rieka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heyrman, Jeroen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messens, Winy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Vos, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heyndrickx, Marc</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Systematic and applied microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Coorevits, An</au><au>De Jonghe, Valerie</au><au>Vandroemme, Joachim</au><au>Reekmans, Rieka</au><au>Heyrman, Jeroen</au><au>Messens, Winy</au><au>De Vos, Paul</au><au>Heyndrickx, Marc</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative analysis of the diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms</atitle><jtitle>Systematic and applied microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Syst Appl Microbiol</addtitle><date>2008-06-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>126</spage><epage>140</epage><pages>126-140</pages><issn>0723-2020</issn><eissn>1618-0984</eissn><coden>SAMIDF</coden><abstract>Bacterial contamination of raw milk can originate from different sources: air, milking equipment, feed, soil, faeces and grass. It is hypothesized that differences in feeding and housing strategies of cows may influence the microbial quality of milk. This assumption was investigated through comparison of the aerobic spore-forming flora in milk from organic and conventional dairy farms. Laboratory pasteurized milk samples from five conventional and five organic dairy farms, sampled in late summer/autumn and in winter, were plated on a standard medium and two differential media, one screening for phospholipolytic and the other for proteolytic activity of bacteria. Almost 930 isolates were obtained of which 898 could be screened via fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Representative isolates were further analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and (GTG)
5-PCR. The majority of aerobic spore-formers in milk belonged to the genus
Bacillus and showed at least 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of
Bacillus licheniformis,
Bacillus pumilus,
Bacillus circulans,
Bacillus subtilis and with type strains of species belonging to the
Bacillus cereus group. About 7% of all isolates may belong to possibly new spore-forming taxa. Although the overall diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in milk from organic vs. conventional dairy farms was highly similar, some differences between both were observed: (i) a relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms in milk from conventional dairy farms compared to organic farms (41.2% vs. 25.9%), and (ii) a relatively higher number of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic (81.3%) and
Ureibacillus thermosphaericus in milk from conventional (85.7%) dairy farms. One of these differences, the higher occurrence of
B. cereus group organisms in milk from organic dairy farms, may be linked to differences in housing strategy between the two types of dairy farming. However, no plausible clarification was found for the relatively higher number of thermotolerant organisms and the higher occurrence of
U. thermosphaericus in milk from conventional dairy farms. Possibly this is due to differences in feeding strategy but no decisive indications were found to support this assumption.</abstract><cop>München</cop><pub>Elsevier GmbH</pub><pmid>18406093</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.syapm.2008.03.002</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aerobic spore-formers Animals Bacillus Bacillus (bacteria) Bacillus cereus Bacillus circulans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus pumilus Bacillus s.l Bacillus subtilis Bacteria, Aerobic - classification Bacteria, Aerobic - genetics Bacteria, Aerobic - isolation & purification Bacteria, Aerobic - metabolism bacterial contamination Biodiversity Biological and medical sciences dairy farming DNA, Bacterial - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Fatty Acids - analysis food contamination Food industries Food, Organic - microbiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes, rRNA Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - classification Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - genetics Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - isolation & purification Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria - metabolism Milk - microbiology Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams Molecular Sequence Data organic production Organic vs. conventional pasteurized milk Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods Raw milk ribosomal RNA RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics sequence analysis Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Ureibacillus thermosphaericus |
| title | Comparative analysis of the diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in raw milk from organic and conventional dairy farms |
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