Early diagnosis of herpes zoster by polymerase chain reaction

Background Herpes zoster is a common disease caused by the varicella‐zoster virus. The use of virostatic agents as early as possible is necessary in shortening zoster‐associated pain. Objectives Rapid diagnosis is necessary for the optimal efficacy of antiviral therapy. The diagnosis in the early stage of infection is often difficult. Methods In the present study skin biopsies of patients with herpes zoster and unclear skin changes were analysed by detecting viral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to amplify open reading frames (ORF) 14, 29 and 63. Results Varicella‐zoster virus DNA could be detected with PCR of all three ORF not only from blisters but also from erythematous skin. Conclusions PCR is the method of choice for the viral diagnosis in herpes zoster before blister eruption.