The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men
Summary objective The role of androgens in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The length of the polyglutamine stretch of the transactivation domain (CAG repeat) of the androgen receptor (AR) inversely affects androgen activity. The aim of this study was to inve...
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| creator | Alevizaki, M. Cimponeriu, A. T. Garofallaki, M. Sarika, H.-L. Alevizaki, C. C. Papamichael, C. Philippou, G. Anastasiou, E. A. Lekakis, J. P. Mavrikakis, M. |
| description | Summary
objective The role of androgens in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The length of the polyglutamine stretch of the transactivation domain (CAG repeat) of the androgen receptor (AR) inversely affects androgen activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this polymorphism of the AR gene in the extent of CAD in male patients.
design and patients The relationship of the length of the AR gene CAG repeat on the severity of CAD was examined in 131 men (36–86 years old) undergoing coronary angiography.
measurements The severity of CAD was assessed by the number (0–3) of coronary vessels with > 50% reduction in the luminal diameter. The interaction of the AR gene polymorphism with the intima media thickness (IMT) of peripheral arteries and serum levels of sex steroids, insulin and biochemical parameters were also studied.
results The upper quartile of CAG length (range 9–30) was ≥ 23 repeats (longAR). The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients with shorter repeats ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01917.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71555409</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>503643731</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4627-416fa0eee09ae18b760bab400c6b8d2d493bd5779c9c15fb6db8df390822ad493</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkcGO0zAQhiMEYsvCKyALib2ljOPYjg8cVtFSkJaFQxFHy3Em1CWJi52y7dvj0GpX4sRpNDPfPx7Pn2WEwpJCKd5tl5QJnheF4MsCgC2BKiqXhyfZ4qHxNFsAA8hBiPIiexHjFgB4BfJ5dkFLJcukWGTDeoPEjG3wP3AkAS3uJh9ISpDU1yuy8_1x8GG3cXEgLhITo7fOTNiSezdtyJTkEX9jcNOR-I5YH_xowpGYMGEKrYtoIhI3kgHHl9mzzvQRX53jZfbtw826_pjffll9qq9vc1uKQuYlFZ0BRARlkFaNFNCYpgSwoqnaoi0Va1oupbLKUt41ok3ljimoisLM3cvs6jR3F_yvPcZJDy5a7Hszot9HLSnnvIQZfPMPuPX7MKbdNFWVVKxSRYKqE2SDjzFgp3fBDemTmoKe_dBbPZ9dz2fXsx_6rx_6kKSvz_P3zYDto_BsQALengETrem7YEbr4iPHGfCSscS9P3H3rsfjfy-g65s7enonP-ldnPDwoDfhpxaSSa6_3630uublV1UI_Zn9AZ4JtcM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>198793892</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Alevizaki, M. ; Cimponeriu, A. T. ; Garofallaki, M. ; Sarika, H.-L. ; Alevizaki, C. C. ; Papamichael, C. ; Philippou, G. ; Anastasiou, E. A. ; Lekakis, J. P. ; Mavrikakis, M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Alevizaki, M. ; Cimponeriu, A. T. ; Garofallaki, M. ; Sarika, H.-L. ; Alevizaki, C. C. ; Papamichael, C. ; Philippou, G. ; Anastasiou, E. A. ; Lekakis, J. P. ; Mavrikakis, M.</creatorcontrib><description>Summary
objective The role of androgens in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The length of the polyglutamine stretch of the transactivation domain (CAG repeat) of the androgen receptor (AR) inversely affects androgen activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this polymorphism of the AR gene in the extent of CAD in male patients.
design and patients The relationship of the length of the AR gene CAG repeat on the severity of CAD was examined in 131 men (36–86 years old) undergoing coronary angiography.
measurements The severity of CAD was assessed by the number (0–3) of coronary vessels with > 50% reduction in the luminal diameter. The interaction of the AR gene polymorphism with the intima media thickness (IMT) of peripheral arteries and serum levels of sex steroids, insulin and biochemical parameters were also studied.
results The upper quartile of CAG length (range 9–30) was ≥ 23 repeats (longAR). The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients with shorter repeats (< 23; shortAR) was significantly lower than in men with longAR (26·1 vs. 27·6, respectively; P = 0·043 M‐W Rank test). There was no correlation between the AR gene repeat length and serum testosterone. Oestradiol levels were significantly higher in longAR (0·19 ± 0·08 nmol/l vs. 0·14 ± 0·07 in shortAR, P = 0·031). This difference was independent of BMI. Men with shortAR had significant CAD (i.e. one to three arteries with stenosis) more frequently (79·5%) than men with longAR (20·5%); of the subjects with stenosis in no arteries, 56·5% had shortAR and 43·5% longAR (χ2 = 4·3, P = 0·038). This association was independent of age and BMI. The IMT of peripheral arteries, lipid parameters, basal insulin resistance, blood pressure and family history for early CAD, did not differ according to AR length.
conclusions The shorter CAG repeat of the AR gene is associated with more severe CAD, which suggests a role for the sensitivity to androgens in the increased frequency of CAD in males. In addition, a protective role of endogenous oestrogen, which is higher in the longAR subgroup, can contribute to the observed difference.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-0664</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2265</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01917.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14974917</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CLECAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Mass Index ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease - blood ; Coronary Disease - diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Disease - genetics ; Endocrinopathies ; Estradiol - blood ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Androgen - genetics ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Testosterone - blood ; Trinucleotide Repeats ; Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><ispartof>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford), 2003-12, Vol.59 (6), p.749-755</ispartof><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. Dec 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4627-416fa0eee09ae18b760bab400c6b8d2d493bd5779c9c15fb6db8df390822ad493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4627-416fa0eee09ae18b760bab400c6b8d2d493bd5779c9c15fb6db8df390822ad493</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.2003.01917.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.2003.01917.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15305433$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14974917$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alevizaki, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cimponeriu, A. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garofallaki, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarika, H.-L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alevizaki, C. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papamichael, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philippou, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anastasiou, E. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lekakis, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mavrikakis, M.</creatorcontrib><title>The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men</title><title>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</addtitle><description>Summary
objective The role of androgens in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The length of the polyglutamine stretch of the transactivation domain (CAG repeat) of the androgen receptor (AR) inversely affects androgen activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this polymorphism of the AR gene in the extent of CAD in male patients.
design and patients The relationship of the length of the AR gene CAG repeat on the severity of CAD was examined in 131 men (36–86 years old) undergoing coronary angiography.
measurements The severity of CAD was assessed by the number (0–3) of coronary vessels with > 50% reduction in the luminal diameter. The interaction of the AR gene polymorphism with the intima media thickness (IMT) of peripheral arteries and serum levels of sex steroids, insulin and biochemical parameters were also studied.
results The upper quartile of CAG length (range 9–30) was ≥ 23 repeats (longAR). The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients with shorter repeats (< 23; shortAR) was significantly lower than in men with longAR (26·1 vs. 27·6, respectively; P = 0·043 M‐W Rank test). There was no correlation between the AR gene repeat length and serum testosterone. Oestradiol levels were significantly higher in longAR (0·19 ± 0·08 nmol/l vs. 0·14 ± 0·07 in shortAR, P = 0·031). This difference was independent of BMI. Men with shortAR had significant CAD (i.e. one to three arteries with stenosis) more frequently (79·5%) than men with longAR (20·5%); of the subjects with stenosis in no arteries, 56·5% had shortAR and 43·5% longAR (χ2 = 4·3, P = 0·038). This association was independent of age and BMI. The IMT of peripheral arteries, lipid parameters, basal insulin resistance, blood pressure and family history for early CAD, did not differ according to AR length.
conclusions The shorter CAG repeat of the AR gene is associated with more severe CAD, which suggests a role for the sensitivity to androgens in the increased frequency of CAD in males. In addition, a protective role of endogenous oestrogen, which is higher in the longAR subgroup, can contribute to the observed difference.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Chi-Square Distribution</subject><subject>Coronary Angiography</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - blood</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - genetics</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Estradiol - blood</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Receptors, Androgen - genetics</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Trinucleotide Repeats</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><issn>0300-0664</issn><issn>1365-2265</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcGO0zAQhiMEYsvCKyALib2ljOPYjg8cVtFSkJaFQxFHy3Em1CWJi52y7dvj0GpX4sRpNDPfPx7Pn2WEwpJCKd5tl5QJnheF4MsCgC2BKiqXhyfZ4qHxNFsAA8hBiPIiexHjFgB4BfJ5dkFLJcukWGTDeoPEjG3wP3AkAS3uJh9ISpDU1yuy8_1x8GG3cXEgLhITo7fOTNiSezdtyJTkEX9jcNOR-I5YH_xowpGYMGEKrYtoIhI3kgHHl9mzzvQRX53jZfbtw826_pjffll9qq9vc1uKQuYlFZ0BRARlkFaNFNCYpgSwoqnaoi0Va1oupbLKUt41ok3ljimoisLM3cvs6jR3F_yvPcZJDy5a7Hszot9HLSnnvIQZfPMPuPX7MKbdNFWVVKxSRYKqE2SDjzFgp3fBDemTmoKe_dBbPZ9dz2fXsx_6rx_6kKSvz_P3zYDto_BsQALengETrem7YEbr4iPHGfCSscS9P3H3rsfjfy-g65s7enonP-ldnPDwoDfhpxaSSa6_3630uublV1UI_Zn9AZ4JtcM</recordid><startdate>200312</startdate><enddate>200312</enddate><creator>Alevizaki, M.</creator><creator>Cimponeriu, A. T.</creator><creator>Garofallaki, M.</creator><creator>Sarika, H.-L.</creator><creator>Alevizaki, C. C.</creator><creator>Papamichael, C.</creator><creator>Philippou, G.</creator><creator>Anastasiou, E. A.</creator><creator>Lekakis, J. P.</creator><creator>Mavrikakis, M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200312</creationdate><title>The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men</title><author>Alevizaki, M. ; Cimponeriu, A. T. ; Garofallaki, M. ; Sarika, H.-L. ; Alevizaki, C. C. ; Papamichael, C. ; Philippou, G. ; Anastasiou, E. A. ; Lekakis, J. P. ; Mavrikakis, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4627-416fa0eee09ae18b760bab400c6b8d2d493bd5779c9c15fb6db8df390822ad493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Chi-Square Distribution</topic><topic>Coronary Angiography</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - blood</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - genetics</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Estradiol - blood</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Receptors, Androgen - genetics</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Trinucleotide Repeats</topic><topic>Vertebrates: endocrinology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alevizaki, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cimponeriu, A. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garofallaki, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarika, H.-L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alevizaki, C. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papamichael, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philippou, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anastasiou, E. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lekakis, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mavrikakis, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alevizaki, M.</au><au>Cimponeriu, A. T.</au><au>Garofallaki, M.</au><au>Sarika, H.-L.</au><au>Alevizaki, C. C.</au><au>Papamichael, C.</au><au>Philippou, G.</au><au>Anastasiou, E. A.</au><au>Lekakis, J. P.</au><au>Mavrikakis, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men</atitle><jtitle>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</addtitle><date>2003-12</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>749</spage><epage>755</epage><pages>749-755</pages><issn>0300-0664</issn><eissn>1365-2265</eissn><coden>CLECAP</coden><abstract>Summary
objective The role of androgens in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The length of the polyglutamine stretch of the transactivation domain (CAG repeat) of the androgen receptor (AR) inversely affects androgen activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this polymorphism of the AR gene in the extent of CAD in male patients.
design and patients The relationship of the length of the AR gene CAG repeat on the severity of CAD was examined in 131 men (36–86 years old) undergoing coronary angiography.
measurements The severity of CAD was assessed by the number (0–3) of coronary vessels with > 50% reduction in the luminal diameter. The interaction of the AR gene polymorphism with the intima media thickness (IMT) of peripheral arteries and serum levels of sex steroids, insulin and biochemical parameters were also studied.
results The upper quartile of CAG length (range 9–30) was ≥ 23 repeats (longAR). The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients with shorter repeats (< 23; shortAR) was significantly lower than in men with longAR (26·1 vs. 27·6, respectively; P = 0·043 M‐W Rank test). There was no correlation between the AR gene repeat length and serum testosterone. Oestradiol levels were significantly higher in longAR (0·19 ± 0·08 nmol/l vs. 0·14 ± 0·07 in shortAR, P = 0·031). This difference was independent of BMI. Men with shortAR had significant CAD (i.e. one to three arteries with stenosis) more frequently (79·5%) than men with longAR (20·5%); of the subjects with stenosis in no arteries, 56·5% had shortAR and 43·5% longAR (χ2 = 4·3, P = 0·038). This association was independent of age and BMI. The IMT of peripheral arteries, lipid parameters, basal insulin resistance, blood pressure and family history for early CAD, did not differ according to AR length.
conclusions The shorter CAG repeat of the AR gene is associated with more severe CAD, which suggests a role for the sensitivity to androgens in the increased frequency of CAD in males. In addition, a protective role of endogenous oestrogen, which is higher in the longAR subgroup, can contribute to the observed difference.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>14974917</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01917.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Body Mass Index Chi-Square Distribution Coronary Angiography Coronary Disease - blood Coronary Disease - diagnostic imaging Coronary Disease - genetics Endocrinopathies Estradiol - blood Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Androgen - genetics Statistics, Nonparametric Testosterone - blood Trinucleotide Repeats Vertebrates: endocrinology |
| title | The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men |
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