Larval cannibalism, time constraints, and adult fitness in caddisflies that inhabit temporary wetlands
The fitness of non-feeding adult insects depends on energy accumulated during the larval stage. Larvae of the caddisfly Asynarchus nigriculus primarily feed on plant detritus, but supplement their diet with animal material obtained through cannibalism. Habitat drying constrains development in many p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Oecologia 2004, Vol.138 (1), p.39-47 |
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| creator | Wissinger, Scott Steinmetz, Jeff Alexander, J. Scott Brown, Wendy |
| description | The fitness of non-feeding adult insects depends on energy accumulated during the larval stage. Larvae of the caddisfly Asynarchus nigriculus primarily feed on plant detritus, but supplement their diet with animal material obtained through cannibalism. Habitat drying constrains development in many populations of this species, and we hypothesized that cannibalism should accelerate development to facilitate timely metamorphosis. We manipulated larval diets in a field experiment by supplementing detritus with animal material, and in a laboratory experiment by varying animal material and detritus quality (conditioned vs unconditioned). We measured the effects of dietary manipulation on larval and pupal growth and development, the timing of metamorphosis, and adult fitness correlates. The results of the laboratory experiment suggest that this species can metamorphose with a detritus-only diet, but development is extremely protracted. In the field experiment, individuals with animal material in their diet had higher larval survival, shorter larval and pupal development times, and earlier emergence dates (7–10 days), than those without a supplement. This delay in emergence should have important effects on survival in natural populations where the difference between desiccation and successful emergence can be only a few days. Dietary supplementation also affected adult body mass (30–40% increase), female fecundity (30% more eggs), and proportional allocation to different adult body parts. Our results are consistent with recent growth-development models that predict coupled (earlier emergence and larger adults) rather than tradeoff responses (earlier emergence and smaller adults) to pre-threshold manipulation of larval diets. Many detritivorous aquatic insects supplement their diets with animal material, and our data provide evidence that this supplementation can have strong effects on fitness. This type of dietary supplementation should be especially important for taxa that do not feed as adults, and in temporary habitats that impose time constraints on larval development. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00442-003-1397-y |
| format | Article |
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Scott ; Brown, Wendy</creator><creatorcontrib>Wissinger, Scott ; Steinmetz, Jeff ; Alexander, J. Scott ; Brown, Wendy</creatorcontrib><description>The fitness of non-feeding adult insects depends on energy accumulated during the larval stage. Larvae of the caddisfly Asynarchus nigriculus primarily feed on plant detritus, but supplement their diet with animal material obtained through cannibalism. Habitat drying constrains development in many populations of this species, and we hypothesized that cannibalism should accelerate development to facilitate timely metamorphosis. We manipulated larval diets in a field experiment by supplementing detritus with animal material, and in a laboratory experiment by varying animal material and detritus quality (conditioned vs unconditioned). We measured the effects of dietary manipulation on larval and pupal growth and development, the timing of metamorphosis, and adult fitness correlates. The results of the laboratory experiment suggest that this species can metamorphose with a detritus-only diet, but development is extremely protracted. In the field experiment, individuals with animal material in their diet had higher larval survival, shorter larval and pupal development times, and earlier emergence dates (7–10 days), than those without a supplement. This delay in emergence should have important effects on survival in natural populations where the difference between desiccation and successful emergence can be only a few days. Dietary supplementation also affected adult body mass (30–40% increase), female fecundity (30% more eggs), and proportional allocation to different adult body parts. Our results are consistent with recent growth-development models that predict coupled (earlier emergence and larger adults) rather than tradeoff responses (earlier emergence and smaller adults) to pre-threshold manipulation of larval diets. Many detritivorous aquatic insects supplement their diets with animal material, and our data provide evidence that this supplementation can have strong effects on fitness. This type of dietary supplementation should be especially important for taxa that do not feed as adults, and in temporary habitats that impose time constraints on larval development.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0029-8549</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1939</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1397-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14530962</identifier><identifier>CODEN: OECOBX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Adult insects ; adults ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal cannibalism ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Aquatic insects ; Asynarchus nigriculus ; Autoecology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Caddisflies ; Cannibalism ; Desiccation ; detritivores ; Detritus ; Diet ; dietary supplements ; drying ; Ecological life histories ; eggs ; energy ; Environment ; Fecundity ; Female animals ; females ; field experimentation ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; habitats ; imagos ; Insect larvae ; Insecta - physiology ; Invertebrates ; Larva - growth & development ; Larvae ; Larval development ; Limnephilidae ; Male animals ; Metamorphosis ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Natural populations ; Population Dynamics ; Population Ecology ; Protozoa. 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Scott</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Wendy</creatorcontrib><title>Larval cannibalism, time constraints, and adult fitness in caddisflies that inhabit temporary wetlands</title><title>Oecologia</title><addtitle>Oecologia</addtitle><description>The fitness of non-feeding adult insects depends on energy accumulated during the larval stage. Larvae of the caddisfly Asynarchus nigriculus primarily feed on plant detritus, but supplement their diet with animal material obtained through cannibalism. Habitat drying constrains development in many populations of this species, and we hypothesized that cannibalism should accelerate development to facilitate timely metamorphosis. We manipulated larval diets in a field experiment by supplementing detritus with animal material, and in a laboratory experiment by varying animal material and detritus quality (conditioned vs unconditioned). We measured the effects of dietary manipulation on larval and pupal growth and development, the timing of metamorphosis, and adult fitness correlates. The results of the laboratory experiment suggest that this species can metamorphose with a detritus-only diet, but development is extremely protracted. In the field experiment, individuals with animal material in their diet had higher larval survival, shorter larval and pupal development times, and earlier emergence dates (7–10 days), than those without a supplement. This delay in emergence should have important effects on survival in natural populations where the difference between desiccation and successful emergence can be only a few days. Dietary supplementation also affected adult body mass (30–40% increase), female fecundity (30% more eggs), and proportional allocation to different adult body parts. Our results are consistent with recent growth-development models that predict coupled (earlier emergence and larger adults) rather than tradeoff responses (earlier emergence and smaller adults) to pre-threshold manipulation of larval diets. Many detritivorous aquatic insects supplement their diets with animal material, and our data provide evidence that this supplementation can have strong effects on fitness. This type of dietary supplementation should be especially important for taxa that do not feed as adults, and in temporary habitats that impose time constraints on larval development.</description><subject>Adult insects</subject><subject>adults</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal cannibalism</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Asynarchus nigriculus</subject><subject>Autoecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Caddisflies</subject><subject>Cannibalism</subject><subject>Desiccation</subject><subject>detritivores</subject><subject>Detritus</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>dietary supplements</subject><subject>drying</subject><subject>Ecological life histories</subject><subject>eggs</subject><subject>energy</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Fecundity</subject><subject>Female animals</subject><subject>females</subject><subject>field experimentation</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>habitats</subject><subject>imagos</subject><subject>Insect larvae</subject><subject>Insecta - physiology</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Larva - growth & development</subject><subject>Larvae</subject><subject>Larval development</subject><subject>Limnephilidae</subject><subject>Male animals</subject><subject>Metamorphosis</subject><subject>Metamorphosis, Biological</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Natural populations</subject><subject>Population Dynamics</subject><subject>Population Ecology</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrata</subject><subject>pupal development</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><subject>Trichoptera</subject><subject>wetlands</subject><issn>0029-8549</issn><issn>1432-1939</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkkuPFCEUhYnROO3oD3ChEhNdTSlwoQuWZuIr6cSFzppcKMqhU48WqDH976VTHSdx44qE-50Tzj0Q8pyzd5yx9n1mTErRMAYNB9M2xwdkwyWIhhswD8mGMWEaraS5IE9y3jPGJVfqMbngUgEzW7Eh_Q7THQ7U4zRFh0PM4xUtcQzUz1MuCeNU8hXFqaPYLUOhfSxTyJnGqWq6LuZ-iCHTcoul3t2ii4WWMB7mhOlIf4cyVG1-Sh71OOTw7HxekptPH39cf2l23z5_vf6wa7wEXhqNXKPWXBjnvUOpncYOfQjBGwi6653ZQqs6D9oJ7wyiU1IGvm0FAO9auCRvV99Dmn8tIRc7xuzDUB8R5iXbtuaXsv0_yI0AsRW6gq__AffzkqYawmrBZAtbdoL4Cvk055xCbw8pjnUBljN7qsquVdlalT1VZY9V8_JsvLgxdPeKczcVeHMGMHsc-oSTj_meUxKUgVOUFyu3z2VOf-eSMaagNXX-ap33OFv8marHzXfBuKrfQzAwAH8ARI6wHw</recordid><startdate>2004</startdate><enddate>2004</enddate><creator>Wissinger, Scott</creator><creator>Steinmetz, Jeff</creator><creator>Alexander, J. 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Scott ; Brown, Wendy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-8a18a88129bccba48b8adaceeec93e8dfb96375dc38b2cb9aab544e1672331d73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adult insects</topic><topic>adults</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal cannibalism</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquatic insects</topic><topic>Asynarchus nigriculus</topic><topic>Autoecology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Caddisflies</topic><topic>Cannibalism</topic><topic>Desiccation</topic><topic>detritivores</topic><topic>Detritus</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>dietary supplements</topic><topic>drying</topic><topic>Ecological life histories</topic><topic>eggs</topic><topic>energy</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Fecundity</topic><topic>Female animals</topic><topic>females</topic><topic>field experimentation</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Scott</au><au>Brown, Wendy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Larval cannibalism, time constraints, and adult fitness in caddisflies that inhabit temporary wetlands</atitle><jtitle>Oecologia</jtitle><addtitle>Oecologia</addtitle><date>2004</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>138</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>39</spage><epage>47</epage><pages>39-47</pages><issn>0029-8549</issn><eissn>1432-1939</eissn><coden>OECOBX</coden><abstract>The fitness of non-feeding adult insects depends on energy accumulated during the larval stage. Larvae of the caddisfly Asynarchus nigriculus primarily feed on plant detritus, but supplement their diet with animal material obtained through cannibalism. Habitat drying constrains development in many populations of this species, and we hypothesized that cannibalism should accelerate development to facilitate timely metamorphosis. We manipulated larval diets in a field experiment by supplementing detritus with animal material, and in a laboratory experiment by varying animal material and detritus quality (conditioned vs unconditioned). We measured the effects of dietary manipulation on larval and pupal growth and development, the timing of metamorphosis, and adult fitness correlates. The results of the laboratory experiment suggest that this species can metamorphose with a detritus-only diet, but development is extremely protracted. In the field experiment, individuals with animal material in their diet had higher larval survival, shorter larval and pupal development times, and earlier emergence dates (7–10 days), than those without a supplement. This delay in emergence should have important effects on survival in natural populations where the difference between desiccation and successful emergence can be only a few days. Dietary supplementation also affected adult body mass (30–40% increase), female fecundity (30% more eggs), and proportional allocation to different adult body parts. Our results are consistent with recent growth-development models that predict coupled (earlier emergence and larger adults) rather than tradeoff responses (earlier emergence and smaller adults) to pre-threshold manipulation of larval diets. Many detritivorous aquatic insects supplement their diets with animal material, and our data provide evidence that this supplementation can have strong effects on fitness. This type of dietary supplementation should be especially important for taxa that do not feed as adults, and in temporary habitats that impose time constraints on larval development.</abstract><cop>Berlin</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>14530962</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00442-003-1397-y</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult insects adults Animal and plant ecology Animal cannibalism Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Aquatic insects Asynarchus nigriculus Autoecology Biological and medical sciences Caddisflies Cannibalism Desiccation detritivores Detritus Diet dietary supplements drying Ecological life histories eggs energy Environment Fecundity Female animals females field experimentation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology habitats imagos Insect larvae Insecta - physiology Invertebrates Larva - growth & development Larvae Larval development Limnephilidae Male animals Metamorphosis Metamorphosis, Biological Models, Theoretical Natural populations Population Dynamics Population Ecology Protozoa. Invertebrata pupal development Survival Analysis Trichoptera wetlands |
| title | Larval cannibalism, time constraints, and adult fitness in caddisflies that inhabit temporary wetlands |
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