Volume Changes in Gray Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is generally characterized by a progressive decline in functioning. Although structural brain abnormalities, particularly decrements in gray matter volume, are considered important to the pathology of schizophrenia, it is not resolved whether the brain abnormalities become m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of psychiatry 2002-02, Vol.159 (2), p.244-250 |
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| container_title | The American journal of psychiatry |
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| creator | Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E. Schnack, Hugo G. Bertens, Madelief G.B.C. van Haren, Neeltje E.M. van der Tweel, Ingeborg Staal, Wouter G. Baaré, Wim F.C. Kahn, René S. |
| description | OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is generally characterized by a progressive decline in functioning. Although structural brain abnormalities, particularly decrements in gray matter volume, are considered important to the pathology of schizophrenia, it is not resolved whether the brain abnormalities become more prominent over time. METHOD: Magnetic resonance brain images from 159 patients with schizophrenia and 158 healthy comparison subjects between 16 and 70 years of age were compared. Using linear regression analysis, the authors analyzed the relationship between the volumes of the total brain, gray and white matter, cerebellum, and lateral and third ventricles with patient age. RESULTS: Total brain (-2.2%), cerebral gray matter (-3.3%), prefrontal gray matter (-4.4%), and prefrontal white matter (-3.5%) volumes were smaller, and lateral (27%) and third (30%) ventricle and peripheral CSF (11%) volumes were larger in schizophrenia patients. A significant group-by-age interaction for gray matter volume was found, as shown by a steeper regression slope between age and gray matter volume in patients (-3.43 ml year) than in healthy comparison subjects (-2.74 ml year). CONCLUSIONS: The smaller brains of the patients with schizophrenia can be explained by decreases in gray matter volume. Moreover, the finding that the smaller gray matter volume was more pronounced in older patients with schizophrenia may suggest progressive loss of cerebral gray matter in schizophrenia patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.244 |
| format | Article |
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Although structural brain abnormalities, particularly decrements in gray matter volume, are considered important to the pathology of schizophrenia, it is not resolved whether the brain abnormalities become more prominent over time. METHOD: Magnetic resonance brain images from 159 patients with schizophrenia and 158 healthy comparison subjects between 16 and 70 years of age were compared. Using linear regression analysis, the authors analyzed the relationship between the volumes of the total brain, gray and white matter, cerebellum, and lateral and third ventricles with patient age. RESULTS: Total brain (-2.2%), cerebral gray matter (-3.3%), prefrontal gray matter (-4.4%), and prefrontal white matter (-3.5%) volumes were smaller, and lateral (27%) and third (30%) ventricle and peripheral CSF (11%) volumes were larger in schizophrenia patients. A significant group-by-age interaction for gray matter volume was found, as shown by a steeper regression slope between age and gray matter volume in patients (-3.43 ml year) than in healthy comparison subjects (-2.74 ml year). CONCLUSIONS: The smaller brains of the patients with schizophrenia can be explained by decreases in gray matter volume. Moreover, the finding that the smaller gray matter volume was more pronounced in older patients with schizophrenia may suggest progressive loss of cerebral gray matter in schizophrenia patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.244</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11823266</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Age differences ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Atrophy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain ; Brain - pathology ; Brain size ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mental disorders ; Middle Aged ; Prefrontal Cortex - pathology ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychoses ; Reference Values ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><ispartof>The American journal of psychiatry, 2002-02, Vol.159 (2), p.244-250</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychiatric Association Feb 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-7523b649ba88a893114a624bdce35b0ae2c69416fa5d9675bd77c184304b55773</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-7523b649ba88a893114a624bdce35b0ae2c69416fa5d9675bd77c184304b55773</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/epdf/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.244$$EPDF$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.244$$EHTML$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,2857,21633,21634,21635,27931,27932,31007,77802,77807</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13501252$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823266$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnack, Hugo G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertens, Madelief G.B.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Haren, Neeltje E.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Tweel, Ingeborg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Staal, Wouter G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baaré, Wim F.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahn, René S.</creatorcontrib><title>Volume Changes in Gray Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is generally characterized by a progressive decline in functioning. Although structural brain abnormalities, particularly decrements in gray matter volume, are considered important to the pathology of schizophrenia, it is not resolved whether the brain abnormalities become more prominent over time. METHOD: Magnetic resonance brain images from 159 patients with schizophrenia and 158 healthy comparison subjects between 16 and 70 years of age were compared. Using linear regression analysis, the authors analyzed the relationship between the volumes of the total brain, gray and white matter, cerebellum, and lateral and third ventricles with patient age. RESULTS: Total brain (-2.2%), cerebral gray matter (-3.3%), prefrontal gray matter (-4.4%), and prefrontal white matter (-3.5%) volumes were smaller, and lateral (27%) and third (30%) ventricle and peripheral CSF (11%) volumes were larger in schizophrenia patients. A significant group-by-age interaction for gray matter volume was found, as shown by a steeper regression slope between age and gray matter volume in patients (-3.43 ml year) than in healthy comparison subjects (-2.74 ml year). CONCLUSIONS: The smaller brains of the patients with schizophrenia can be explained by decreases in gray matter volume. Moreover, the finding that the smaller gray matter volume was more pronounced in older patients with schizophrenia may suggest progressive loss of cerebral gray matter in schizophrenia patients.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Age differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Atrophy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Brain size</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - pathology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoses</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><issn>0002-953X</issn><issn>1535-7228</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkclKxEAQQBtRdFx-wIMEQW-J3dVbAl5kcANFwfXWVDI9Tg-ZJHYnB_16MwsKHvRUFLxaHyH7jCaMaXWCTeMSnDYJk1kCCQixRgZMchlrgHSdDCilEGeSv26R7RCmfUq5hk2yxVgKHJQakNPnuuxmNhpOsHqzIXJVdOnxI7rFtrV-nt5j62zVhujFtZPooZi4z7qZeFs53CUbYyyD3VvFHfJ0cf44vIpv7i6vh2c3MQrQbawl8FyJLMc0xTTjjAlUIPJRYbnMKVooVCaYGqMcZUrLfKR1wVLBqcil1JrvkONl38bX750NrZm5UNiyxMrWXTCaCS4khX9BqSVPmZyDh7_Aad35qj_CAFChtcpYD8ESKnwdgrdj03g3Q_9hGDVzA2ZuwPQGTG_AgOkN9EUHq85dPrOjn5LVy3vgaAVgKLAce6wKF344LimDxYonS24x5Hu9P0Z_AZqqnU8</recordid><startdate>20020201</startdate><enddate>20020201</enddate><creator>Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.</creator><creator>Schnack, Hugo G.</creator><creator>Bertens, Madelief G.B.C.</creator><creator>van Haren, Neeltje E.M.</creator><creator>van der Tweel, Ingeborg</creator><creator>Staal, Wouter G.</creator><creator>Baaré, Wim F.C.</creator><creator>Kahn, René S.</creator><general>American Psychiatric Publishing</general><general>American Psychiatric Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020201</creationdate><title>Volume Changes in Gray Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia</title><author>Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E. ; Schnack, Hugo G. ; Bertens, Madelief G.B.C. ; van Haren, Neeltje E.M. ; van der Tweel, Ingeborg ; Staal, Wouter G. ; Baaré, Wim F.C. ; Kahn, René S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-7523b649ba88a893114a624bdce35b0ae2c69416fa5d9675bd77c184304b55773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Age differences</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Atrophy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Brain size</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental disorders</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - pathology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychoses</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnack, Hugo G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertens, Madelief G.B.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Haren, Neeltje E.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Tweel, Ingeborg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Staal, Wouter G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baaré, Wim F.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahn, René S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.</au><au>Schnack, Hugo G.</au><au>Bertens, Madelief G.B.C.</au><au>van Haren, Neeltje E.M.</au><au>van der Tweel, Ingeborg</au><au>Staal, Wouter G.</au><au>Baaré, Wim F.C.</au><au>Kahn, René S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Volume Changes in Gray Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2002-02-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>159</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>244</spage><epage>250</epage><pages>244-250</pages><issn>0002-953X</issn><eissn>1535-7228</eissn><coden>AJPSAO</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is generally characterized by a progressive decline in functioning. Although structural brain abnormalities, particularly decrements in gray matter volume, are considered important to the pathology of schizophrenia, it is not resolved whether the brain abnormalities become more prominent over time. METHOD: Magnetic resonance brain images from 159 patients with schizophrenia and 158 healthy comparison subjects between 16 and 70 years of age were compared. Using linear regression analysis, the authors analyzed the relationship between the volumes of the total brain, gray and white matter, cerebellum, and lateral and third ventricles with patient age. RESULTS: Total brain (-2.2%), cerebral gray matter (-3.3%), prefrontal gray matter (-4.4%), and prefrontal white matter (-3.5%) volumes were smaller, and lateral (27%) and third (30%) ventricle and peripheral CSF (11%) volumes were larger in schizophrenia patients. A significant group-by-age interaction for gray matter volume was found, as shown by a steeper regression slope between age and gray matter volume in patients (-3.43 ml year) than in healthy comparison subjects (-2.74 ml year). CONCLUSIONS: The smaller brains of the patients with schizophrenia can be explained by decreases in gray matter volume. Moreover, the finding that the smaller gray matter volume was more pronounced in older patients with schizophrenia may suggest progressive loss of cerebral gray matter in schizophrenia patients.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Publishing</pub><pmid>11823266</pmid><doi>10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.244</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The American journal of psychiatry, 2002-02, Vol.159 (2), p.244-250 |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Psychiatric Publishing Journals (1997-Present); Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Age differences Age Factors Aged Atrophy Biological and medical sciences Brain Brain - pathology Brain size Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Mental disorders Middle Aged Prefrontal Cortex - pathology Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Reference Values Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - diagnosis |
| title | Volume Changes in Gray Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia |
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