Iron Deficiency Is Unacceptably High in Refugee Children from Burma
Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in refugees is reported to be among the major medical problems worldwide. Because food rations are typically inadequate in iron, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people. Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma h...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of nutrition 2003-12, Vol.133 (12), p.4143-4149 |
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| container_title | The Journal of nutrition |
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| creator | Kemmer, Teresa M. Bovill, Maria E. Kongsomboon, Wantanee Hansch, Steven J. Geisler, Karen L. Cheney, Carrie Shell-Duncan, Bettina K. Drewnowski, Adam |
| description | Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in refugees is reported to be among the major medical problems worldwide. Because food rations are typically inadequate in iron, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people. Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma have not previously been completed. Refugee children aged 6–59 mo were studied to determine 1) the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and 2) the factors associated with anemia and ID. Cluster sampling in three camps and convenience sampling in two additional camps were used. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and μmol zinc protoporphyrin/mol heme were determined in 975 children. Logistic regression analyses (95% CI) determined predictors of anemia and ID. The prevalences of IDA, anemia and ID in these refugee children were 64.9, 72.0 and 85.4%, respectively. Predictors of anemia included young age (P < 0.001), food ration lasting |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jn/133.12.4143 |
| format | Article |
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Because food rations are typically inadequate in iron, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people. Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma have not previously been completed. Refugee children aged 6–59 mo were studied to determine 1) the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and 2) the factors associated with anemia and ID. Cluster sampling in three camps and convenience sampling in two additional camps were used. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and μmol zinc protoporphyrin/mol heme were determined in 975 children. Logistic regression analyses (95% CI) determined predictors of anemia and ID. The prevalences of IDA, anemia and ID in these refugee children were 64.9, 72.0 and 85.4%, respectively. Predictors of anemia included young age (P < 0.001), food ration lasting <1 mo (P = 0.001), daily consumption of dietary iron inhibitors (P < 0.05), weight-for-height Z-score of <−2 (P < 0.05), male gender (P < 0.05) and uneducated father (P < 0.001). Predictors of ID were young age (P < 0.001) and recently reported illness (P < 0.05). Laboratory tests confirmed that anemia and ID are major health problems among these refugee children and that ID is the leading cause of anemia. A comprehensive nutrition and public health-focused approach to combating anemia and ID is essential. Following the presentation of results to policy makers, the improvement of the micronutrient content of rations has been initiated.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3166</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-6100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.12.4143</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14652363</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JONUAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Age Distribution ; anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child, Preschool ; Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology ; Demography ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron - deficiency ; Iron, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Logistic Models ; Male ; micronutrient ; Myanmar - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; refugee ; Refugees - statistics & numerical data ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; zinc protoporphyrin</subject><ispartof>The Journal of nutrition, 2003-12, Vol.133 (12), p.4143-4149</ispartof><rights>2003 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-b1daba11ef812ee8f687f2ffb9a3e862991f792ff1f5908793d8bbd2ace32c883</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-b1daba11ef812ee8f687f2ffb9a3e862991f792ff1f5908793d8bbd2ace32c883</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15333958$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14652363$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kemmer, Teresa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovill, Maria E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kongsomboon, Wantanee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansch, Steven J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geisler, Karen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheney, Carrie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shell-Duncan, Bettina K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drewnowski, Adam</creatorcontrib><title>Iron Deficiency Is Unacceptably High in Refugee Children from Burma</title><title>The Journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in refugees is reported to be among the major medical problems worldwide. Because food rations are typically inadequate in iron, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people. Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma have not previously been completed. Refugee children aged 6–59 mo were studied to determine 1) the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and 2) the factors associated with anemia and ID. Cluster sampling in three camps and convenience sampling in two additional camps were used. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and μmol zinc protoporphyrin/mol heme were determined in 975 children. Logistic regression analyses (95% CI) determined predictors of anemia and ID. The prevalences of IDA, anemia and ID in these refugee children were 64.9, 72.0 and 85.4%, respectively. Predictors of anemia included young age (P < 0.001), food ration lasting <1 mo (P = 0.001), daily consumption of dietary iron inhibitors (P < 0.05), weight-for-height Z-score of <−2 (P < 0.05), male gender (P < 0.05) and uneducated father (P < 0.001). Predictors of ID were young age (P < 0.001) and recently reported illness (P < 0.05). Laboratory tests confirmed that anemia and ID are major health problems among these refugee children and that ID is the leading cause of anemia. A comprehensive nutrition and public health-focused approach to combating anemia and ID is essential. Following the presentation of results to policy makers, the improvement of the micronutrient content of rations has been initiated.]]></description><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>anemia</subject><subject>Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Iron - deficiency</subject><subject>Iron, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>micronutrient</subject><subject>Myanmar - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>refugee</subject><subject>Refugees - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>zinc protoporphyrin</subject><issn>0022-3166</issn><issn>1541-6100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1LAzEQhoMoWj-uHiUXvW3NJLvb5Kj1qyAIYs8hm53UlN1sTbpC_71bW_DkaWB45p2Xh5BLYGNgStwuwy0IMQY-ziEXB2QERQ5ZCYwdkhFjnGcCyvKEnKa0ZIxBruQxOYG8LLgoxYhMZ7EL9AGdtx6D3dBZovNgrMXV2lTNhr74xSf1gb6j6xeIdPrpmzpioC52Lb3vY2vOyZEzTcKL_Twj86fHj-lL9vr2PJvevWY2B7bOKqhNZQDQSeCI0pVy4rhzlTICZcmVAjdRwwJcoZicKFHLqqq5sSi4lVKckZtd7ip2Xz2mtW59stg0JmDXJz0ZDIAoxACOd6CNXUoRnV5F35q40cD0VpteBj1o08D1VttwcLVP7qsW6z9872kArveASdY0LppgffrjhqdCFduKcsfh4OHbY9Tp1yvWPqJd67rz_3X4Ae79h0g</recordid><startdate>20031201</startdate><enddate>20031201</enddate><creator>Kemmer, Teresa M.</creator><creator>Bovill, Maria E.</creator><creator>Kongsomboon, Wantanee</creator><creator>Hansch, Steven J.</creator><creator>Geisler, Karen L.</creator><creator>Cheney, Carrie</creator><creator>Shell-Duncan, Bettina K.</creator><creator>Drewnowski, Adam</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>American Society for Nutritional Sciences</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20031201</creationdate><title>Iron Deficiency Is Unacceptably High in Refugee Children from Burma</title><author>Kemmer, Teresa M. ; Bovill, Maria E. ; Kongsomboon, Wantanee ; Hansch, Steven J. ; Geisler, Karen L. ; Cheney, Carrie ; Shell-Duncan, Bettina K. ; Drewnowski, Adam</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-b1daba11ef812ee8f687f2ffb9a3e862991f792ff1f5908793d8bbd2ace32c883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>anemia</topic><topic>Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Health Status</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Iron - deficiency</topic><topic>Iron, Dietary - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>micronutrient</topic><topic>Myanmar - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>refugee</topic><topic>Refugees - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>zinc protoporphyrin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kemmer, Teresa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovill, Maria E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kongsomboon, Wantanee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansch, Steven J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geisler, Karen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheney, Carrie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shell-Duncan, Bettina K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drewnowski, Adam</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kemmer, Teresa M.</au><au>Bovill, Maria E.</au><au>Kongsomboon, Wantanee</au><au>Hansch, Steven J.</au><au>Geisler, Karen L.</au><au>Cheney, Carrie</au><au>Shell-Duncan, Bettina K.</au><au>Drewnowski, Adam</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Iron Deficiency Is Unacceptably High in Refugee Children from Burma</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><date>2003-12-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>133</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>4143</spage><epage>4149</epage><pages>4143-4149</pages><issn>0022-3166</issn><eissn>1541-6100</eissn><coden>JONUAI</coden><abstract><![CDATA[Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in refugees is reported to be among the major medical problems worldwide. Because food rations are typically inadequate in iron, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people. Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma have not previously been completed. Refugee children aged 6–59 mo were studied to determine 1) the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and 2) the factors associated with anemia and ID. Cluster sampling in three camps and convenience sampling in two additional camps were used. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and μmol zinc protoporphyrin/mol heme were determined in 975 children. Logistic regression analyses (95% CI) determined predictors of anemia and ID. The prevalences of IDA, anemia and ID in these refugee children were 64.9, 72.0 and 85.4%, respectively. Predictors of anemia included young age (P < 0.001), food ration lasting <1 mo (P = 0.001), daily consumption of dietary iron inhibitors (P < 0.05), weight-for-height Z-score of <−2 (P < 0.05), male gender (P < 0.05) and uneducated father (P < 0.001). Predictors of ID were young age (P < 0.001) and recently reported illness (P < 0.05). Laboratory tests confirmed that anemia and ID are major health problems among these refugee children and that ID is the leading cause of anemia. A comprehensive nutrition and public health-focused approach to combating anemia and ID is essential. Following the presentation of results to policy makers, the improvement of the micronutrient content of rations has been initiated.]]></abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>14652363</pmid><doi>10.1093/jn/133.12.4143</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Distribution anemia Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Child, Preschool Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology Demography Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Health Status Humans Infant Iron - deficiency Iron, Dietary - administration & dosage Logistic Models Male micronutrient Myanmar - epidemiology Prevalence refugee Refugees - statistics & numerical data Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems zinc protoporphyrin |
| title | Iron Deficiency Is Unacceptably High in Refugee Children from Burma |
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