Growth Hormone Insufficiency and Its Impact on Ovarian Function
: Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) play significant roles in pubertal development, menarche, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and reproduction. Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty and in its normal course unless treated wit...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003-11, Vol.997 (1), p.77-84 |
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description | : Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) play significant roles in pubertal development, menarche, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and reproduction. Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty and in its normal course unless treated with synthetic GH. It seems that GH affects the ovary during puberty both indirectly through the gonadotropins and IGF‐I, and directly through its effect on steroidogenesis. The GH axis is activated by small increases in circulating estrogens, which initiate large increases in GH during puberty. The reproductive function of the female is also affected by GH. GH acts on the ovary affecting gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. GH receptor mRNA and protein have been found in ovarian cells, and this suggests that the direct action of GH provides an important modulatory effect on gonadotropin‐dependent and ‐independent functions. It also affects the maturation of the follicle and gamete, and thereby plays a facilitatory role in fertility. The majority of women with GH‐deficiency, but not all, require assisted reproductive technologies to induce ovulation. Many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an impaired GH response to stimulation with Levo‐Dopa and GH releasing hormone (GHRH). Hyperandrogenism in PCOS may contribute to the reduced GH secretion because testosterone directly stimulates somatostatin release. Reduction of the excessive androgens facilitates the dopaminergic control of GH. In conclusion, GH‐insufficient states disrupt ovarian function, causing problems in sexual maturation, the menstrual cycle, and the reproductive ability of the female. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1196/annals.1290.009 |
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Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty and in its normal course unless treated with synthetic GH. It seems that GH affects the ovary during puberty both indirectly through the gonadotropins and IGF‐I, and directly through its effect on steroidogenesis. The GH axis is activated by small increases in circulating estrogens, which initiate large increases in GH during puberty. The reproductive function of the female is also affected by GH. GH acts on the ovary affecting gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. GH receptor mRNA and protein have been found in ovarian cells, and this suggests that the direct action of GH provides an important modulatory effect on gonadotropin‐dependent and ‐independent functions. It also affects the maturation of the follicle and gamete, and thereby plays a facilitatory role in fertility. The majority of women with GH‐deficiency, but not all, require assisted reproductive technologies to induce ovulation. Many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an impaired GH response to stimulation with Levo‐Dopa and GH releasing hormone (GHRH). Hyperandrogenism in PCOS may contribute to the reduced GH secretion because testosterone directly stimulates somatostatin release. Reduction of the excessive androgens facilitates the dopaminergic control of GH. In conclusion, GH‐insufficient states disrupt ovarian function, causing problems in sexual maturation, the menstrual cycle, and the reproductive ability of the female.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0077-8923</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1749-6632</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1196/annals.1290.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14644812</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Female ; fertility ; follicle ; gamete ; Gonadotropins - metabolism ; growth hormone ; Growth Hormone - deficiency ; Growth Hormone - metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism ; insulin-like growth factor-I ; ovarian function ; ovary ; Ovary - metabolism ; Ovary - physiology ; polycystic ovarian syndrome ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - physiopathology ; Prognosis ; Puberty - physiology ; Risk Assessment ; Sexual Maturation - physiology</subject><ispartof>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003-11, Vol.997 (1), p.77-84</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4417-e230eb90c2076ff434c91d29c4cdf7892982a7ad803a3efd7538665ebecf39c93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4417-e230eb90c2076ff434c91d29c4cdf7892982a7ad803a3efd7538665ebecf39c93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1196%2Fannals.1290.009$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1196%2Fannals.1290.009$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644812$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>SPILIOTIS, BESSIE E.</creatorcontrib><title>Growth Hormone Insufficiency and Its Impact on Ovarian Function</title><title>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</title><addtitle>Ann N Y Acad Sci</addtitle><description>: Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) play significant roles in pubertal development, menarche, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and reproduction. Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty and in its normal course unless treated with synthetic GH. It seems that GH affects the ovary during puberty both indirectly through the gonadotropins and IGF‐I, and directly through its effect on steroidogenesis. The GH axis is activated by small increases in circulating estrogens, which initiate large increases in GH during puberty. The reproductive function of the female is also affected by GH. GH acts on the ovary affecting gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. GH receptor mRNA and protein have been found in ovarian cells, and this suggests that the direct action of GH provides an important modulatory effect on gonadotropin‐dependent and ‐independent functions. It also affects the maturation of the follicle and gamete, and thereby plays a facilitatory role in fertility. The majority of women with GH‐deficiency, but not all, require assisted reproductive technologies to induce ovulation. Many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an impaired GH response to stimulation with Levo‐Dopa and GH releasing hormone (GHRH). Hyperandrogenism in PCOS may contribute to the reduced GH secretion because testosterone directly stimulates somatostatin release. Reduction of the excessive androgens facilitates the dopaminergic control of GH. In conclusion, GH‐insufficient states disrupt ovarian function, causing problems in sexual maturation, the menstrual cycle, and the reproductive ability of the female.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fertility</subject><subject>follicle</subject><subject>gamete</subject><subject>Gonadotropins - metabolism</subject><subject>growth hormone</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - deficiency</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism</subject><subject>insulin-like growth factor-I</subject><subject>ovarian function</subject><subject>ovary</subject><subject>Ovary - metabolism</subject><subject>Ovary - physiology</subject><subject>polycystic ovarian syndrome</subject><subject>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - physiopathology</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Puberty - physiology</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Sexual Maturation - physiology</subject><issn>0077-8923</issn><issn>1749-6632</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkM1PwjAYhxujEUTP3sxO3gb9ol1PhhiBGQIHFOOpKV0bp6zDdhP57x0Z0aOn9_I8v7x5ALhGsI-QYAPlnNqEPsIC9iEUJ6CLOBUxYwSfgi6EnMeJwKQDLkJ4hxDhhPJz0EGUUZog3AV3E1_uqrdoWvqidCZKXaitzXVunN5HymVRWoUoLbZKV1HposWX8rly0bh2uspLdwnObPOBuTreHngePzzdT-PZYpLej2axphTx2GACzVpAjSFn1lJCtUAZFprqzPLmRZFgxVWWQKKIsRkfkoSxoVkbbYnQgvTAbbu79eVnbUIlizxos9koZ8o6SI4oYowewEELal-G4I2VW58Xyu8lgvLQTLbN5KGZbJo1xs1xul4XJvvjj5EagLTALt-Y_X97cv46WnLeWHFr5aEy37-W8h-SccKH8mU-kY_L1WqaQC45-QHghofo</recordid><startdate>200311</startdate><enddate>200311</enddate><creator>SPILIOTIS, BESSIE E.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200311</creationdate><title>Growth Hormone Insufficiency and Its Impact on Ovarian Function</title><author>SPILIOTIS, BESSIE E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4417-e230eb90c2076ff434c91d29c4cdf7892982a7ad803a3efd7538665ebecf39c93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fertility</topic><topic>follicle</topic><topic>gamete</topic><topic>Gonadotropins - metabolism</topic><topic>growth hormone</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - deficiency</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism</topic><topic>insulin-like growth factor-I</topic><topic>ovarian function</topic><topic>ovary</topic><topic>Ovary - metabolism</topic><topic>Ovary - physiology</topic><topic>polycystic ovarian syndrome</topic><topic>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - physiopathology</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Puberty - physiology</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Sexual Maturation - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>SPILIOTIS, BESSIE E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>SPILIOTIS, BESSIE E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Growth Hormone Insufficiency and Its Impact on Ovarian Function</atitle><jtitle>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Ann N Y Acad Sci</addtitle><date>2003-11</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>997</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>77</spage><epage>84</epage><pages>77-84</pages><issn>0077-8923</issn><eissn>1749-6632</eissn><abstract>: Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) play significant roles in pubertal development, menarche, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and reproduction. Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty and in its normal course unless treated with synthetic GH. It seems that GH affects the ovary during puberty both indirectly through the gonadotropins and IGF‐I, and directly through its effect on steroidogenesis. The GH axis is activated by small increases in circulating estrogens, which initiate large increases in GH during puberty. The reproductive function of the female is also affected by GH. GH acts on the ovary affecting gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. GH receptor mRNA and protein have been found in ovarian cells, and this suggests that the direct action of GH provides an important modulatory effect on gonadotropin‐dependent and ‐independent functions. It also affects the maturation of the follicle and gamete, and thereby plays a facilitatory role in fertility. The majority of women with GH‐deficiency, but not all, require assisted reproductive technologies to induce ovulation. Many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an impaired GH response to stimulation with Levo‐Dopa and GH releasing hormone (GHRH). Hyperandrogenism in PCOS may contribute to the reduced GH secretion because testosterone directly stimulates somatostatin release. Reduction of the excessive androgens facilitates the dopaminergic control of GH. In conclusion, GH‐insufficient states disrupt ovarian function, causing problems in sexual maturation, the menstrual cycle, and the reproductive ability of the female.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>14644812</pmid><doi>10.1196/annals.1290.009</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Female fertility follicle gamete Gonadotropins - metabolism growth hormone Growth Hormone - deficiency Growth Hormone - metabolism Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism insulin-like growth factor-I ovarian function ovary Ovary - metabolism Ovary - physiology polycystic ovarian syndrome Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - physiopathology Prognosis Puberty - physiology Risk Assessment Sexual Maturation - physiology |
title | Growth Hormone Insufficiency and Its Impact on Ovarian Function |
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