Ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial stem cells: amniotic membrane serving as a stem cell niche

Identification, maintenance, and expansion of stem cells for subsequent transplantation has become a new strategy for treating many diseases in most medical subspecialties. The stem cells of the corneal epithelium are located in the limbal basal layer and are the ultimate source for constant corneal...

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Veröffentlicht in:Survey of ophthalmology 2003-11, Vol.48 (6), p.631-646
Hauptverfasser: Grueterich, Martin, Espana, Edgar M., Tseng, Scheffer C.G.
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container_end_page 646
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container_title Survey of ophthalmology
container_volume 48
creator Grueterich, Martin
Espana, Edgar M.
Tseng, Scheffer C.G.
description Identification, maintenance, and expansion of stem cells for subsequent transplantation has become a new strategy for treating many diseases in most medical subspecialties. The stem cells of the corneal epithelium are located in the limbal basal layer and are the ultimate source for constant corneal epithelial renewal. Like those in other tissues, limbal stem cells are supported by a unique stromal microenvironment called the stem cell niche, which consists of certain extracellular matrix components, cell membrane-associated molecules, and cytokine dialogues. Destructive loss of limbal stem cells or dysfunction of their stromal environment renders many corneas with a clinical entity called limbal stem cell deficiency, which is characterized by variable extents of conjunctival ingrowth depending on the severity of limbal damage. A new strategy of treating limbal stem cell deficiency is to transplant a bio-engineered graft by expanding limbal epithelial stem cells ex vivo on amniotic membrane. This review summarizes the published literature data collectively explaining how amniotic membrane is an ideal biological substrate that can help maintain and support the expansion of limbal epithelial stem cells.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.08.003
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subjects allograft
Amnion
amniotic membrane
autograft
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers - analysis
Cell Culture Techniques - methods
Cell Differentiation
Cell Division
Corneal Diseases - surgery
differentiation
Epithelial Cells - cytology
Epithelial Cells - physiology
epithelium
Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
limbal stem cell deficiency
limbus
Limbus Corneae - cytology
Medical sciences
stem cell
Stem Cell Transplantation
Stem Cells - cytology
Stem Cells - physiology
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Surgery of the eye and orbit
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
title Ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial stem cells: amniotic membrane serving as a stem cell niche
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