The Mechanic State of "Inner Tissue" in the Growing Zone of Sunflower Hypocotyls and the Regulation of Its Growth Rate following Excision

Spontaneous growth of isolated inner tissue from the etiolated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hypocotyl growing zone was investigated. A new preparation technique allowed measurements starting 3 s after excision. Elongation with respect to the turgescent and plasmolized state was quantified in terms of relative growth rates, facilitating comparison to growth in situ. Turgor and turgor-induced strain were determined. Overall longitudinal strain in inner tissues in situ was positive, indicating that compressive forces exerted by peripheral tissues are outweighed by turgor-dependent tensile stress. Inner tissue expansion following isolation depended on water uptake. Extreme plastic extension rates occurred immediately after excision, suggesting that mechanical parameters of inner tissue in situ cannot be extrapolated from the mechanics of excised sections. In the long term, excised inner tissue autonomously established values of turgor, turgor-induced strain, and relative growth rates similar to values in the living plant. These results support historic models of tissue cooperation during organ growth, in which inner tissues actively participate in the control of growth rates.