Four prognostic groups predict long-term survival from prostate cancer following radiotherapy alone on radiation therapy oncology group clinical trials
Purpose: Gleason score (GS), T stage, and pathologic lymph node status have been described as major independent predictors of death due to prostate cancer in men treated with external beam radiotherapy (XRT). In this analysis we combine these three factors to define prognostic subgroups that correla...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics biology, physics, 2000-06, Vol.47 (3), p.609-615 |
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| creator | Roach, Mack Lu, Jiandong Pilepich, Miljenko V. Asbell, Sucha O. Mohuidden, Mohammed Terry, Roger Grignon, David |
| description | Purpose: Gleason score (GS), T stage, and pathologic lymph node status have been described as major independent predictors of death due to prostate cancer in men treated with external beam radiotherapy (XRT). In this analysis we combine these three factors to define prognostic subgroups that correlate with disease-specific survival (DSS) death from prostate cancer.
Methods and Materials: Men entered on one of four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Phase III randomized trials between 1975 and 1992, for clinically localized prostate cancer (CAP) (
n = 1557), were selected for this analysis. Patients were included if: 1) they were evaluable, and eligible for the trial; 2) they received no hormonal therapy with their initial treatment; and 3) follow-up was available. For this study a DSS event was declared if: 1) death was certified as due to CAP; 2) death was due to complications of treatment; or 3) death was from unknown causes with active malignancy. The median follow-up for patients treated on early and late RTOG studies exceeded 11 and 6 years respectively. Subgroups were identified based on their pretreatment GS, T-stage, and lymph node such that patients with similar risk of dying from prostate cancer were combined.
Results: By combining patients with similar DSS, four subgroups were identified. Risk Group 1 patients had a GS = 2–6, and T1–2Nx; Group 2: GS = 2–6, T3Nx; or GS = 2–6, N+, or GS = 7, T1–2Nx; Group 3: T3Nx, GS = 7; or N+, GS = 7, or T1–2Nx, GS = 8–10; and Group 4 patients were T3Nx, GS = 8–10, or N+, GS = 8–10. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year DSS was 96%, 86%, and 72%; 94%, 75%, and 61%; 83%, 62%, and 39%; and 64%, 34%, and 27% for Groups 1 through 4, respectively.
Conclusions: Recognition of these four risk groups provides a basis for estimating the long-term DSS for men treated with XRT alone and should facilitate the design of future prospective randomized trials. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00578-2 |
| format | Article |
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Methods and Materials: Men entered on one of four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Phase III randomized trials between 1975 and 1992, for clinically localized prostate cancer (CAP) (
n = 1557), were selected for this analysis. Patients were included if: 1) they were evaluable, and eligible for the trial; 2) they received no hormonal therapy with their initial treatment; and 3) follow-up was available. For this study a DSS event was declared if: 1) death was certified as due to CAP; 2) death was due to complications of treatment; or 3) death was from unknown causes with active malignancy. The median follow-up for patients treated on early and late RTOG studies exceeded 11 and 6 years respectively. Subgroups were identified based on their pretreatment GS, T-stage, and lymph node such that patients with similar risk of dying from prostate cancer were combined.
Results: By combining patients with similar DSS, four subgroups were identified. Risk Group 1 patients had a GS = 2–6, and T1–2Nx; Group 2: GS = 2–6, T3Nx; or GS = 2–6, N+, or GS = 7, T1–2Nx; Group 3: T3Nx, GS = 7; or N+, GS = 7, or T1–2Nx, GS = 8–10; and Group 4 patients were T3Nx, GS = 8–10, or N+, GS = 8–10. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year DSS was 96%, 86%, and 72%; 94%, 75%, and 61%; 83%, 62%, and 39%; and 64%, 34%, and 27% for Groups 1 through 4, respectively.
Conclusions: Recognition of these four risk groups provides a basis for estimating the long-term DSS for men treated with XRT alone and should facilitate the design of future prospective randomized trials.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0360-3016</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-355X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00578-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10837943</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IOBPD3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Disease-Free Survival ; Diseases of the urinary system ; Humans ; Long-term survival ; Lymph Nodes - pathology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; Prognosis ; Prostate cancer ; Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality ; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms - radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) ; Tumors of the urinary system ; Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><ispartof>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2000-06, Vol.47 (3), p.609-615</ispartof><rights>2000 Elsevier Science Inc.</rights><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-64a510a63769b347d0e0d3417ff3b3a697275beeca7bcc1ad6ba95a8c884ed9a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-64a510a63769b347d0e0d3417ff3b3a697275beeca7bcc1ad6ba95a8c884ed9a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00578-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1388423$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10837943$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Roach, Mack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jiandong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilepich, Miljenko V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asbell, Sucha O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohuidden, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terry, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grignon, David</creatorcontrib><title>Four prognostic groups predict long-term survival from prostate cancer following radiotherapy alone on radiation therapy oncology group clinical trials</title><title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</title><addtitle>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</addtitle><description>Purpose: Gleason score (GS), T stage, and pathologic lymph node status have been described as major independent predictors of death due to prostate cancer in men treated with external beam radiotherapy (XRT). In this analysis we combine these three factors to define prognostic subgroups that correlate with disease-specific survival (DSS) death from prostate cancer.
Methods and Materials: Men entered on one of four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Phase III randomized trials between 1975 and 1992, for clinically localized prostate cancer (CAP) (
n = 1557), were selected for this analysis. Patients were included if: 1) they were evaluable, and eligible for the trial; 2) they received no hormonal therapy with their initial treatment; and 3) follow-up was available. For this study a DSS event was declared if: 1) death was certified as due to CAP; 2) death was due to complications of treatment; or 3) death was from unknown causes with active malignancy. The median follow-up for patients treated on early and late RTOG studies exceeded 11 and 6 years respectively. Subgroups were identified based on their pretreatment GS, T-stage, and lymph node such that patients with similar risk of dying from prostate cancer were combined.
Results: By combining patients with similar DSS, four subgroups were identified. Risk Group 1 patients had a GS = 2–6, and T1–2Nx; Group 2: GS = 2–6, T3Nx; or GS = 2–6, N+, or GS = 7, T1–2Nx; Group 3: T3Nx, GS = 7; or N+, GS = 7, or T1–2Nx, GS = 8–10; and Group 4 patients were T3Nx, GS = 8–10, or N+, GS = 8–10. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year DSS was 96%, 86%, and 72%; 94%, 75%, and 61%; 83%, 62%, and 39%; and 64%, 34%, and 27% for Groups 1 through 4, respectively.
Conclusions: Recognition of these four risk groups provides a basis for estimating the long-term DSS for men treated with XRT alone and should facilitate the design of future prospective randomized trials.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Disease-Free Survival</subject><subject>Diseases of the urinary system</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Long-term survival</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Prostate cancer</subject><subject>Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - radiotherapy</subject><subject>Radiotherapy</subject><subject>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</subject><subject>Tumors of the urinary system</subject><subject>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><issn>0360-3016</issn><issn>1879-355X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcuO1DAQRS0EYpqBTwB5gRAsAuV2EierERoxgDQSC0BiZ1WcSjBy4sZ2GvWX8Lu4O81jx6pK9rn1uMXYYwEvBYj61UeQNRQyp88BXgBUqim2d9hGNKotZFV9ucs2f5AL9iDGbwAghCrvswsBjVRtKTfs541fAt8FP84-Jmv4GPyyi_mFemsSd34ei0Rh4nEJe7tHx4fgp6MiJkzEDc6GAh-8c_6HnUcesLc-faWAuwPHrCfu59MrJpuz319-Nt758bB25MbZ2ZpcPgWLLj5k94Yc6NE5XrLPN28-Xb8rbj-8fX_9-rYwsoVU1CVWArCWqm47WaoeCHpZCjUMspNYt2qrqo7IoOqMEdjXHbYVNqZpSupblJfs2Vo3L_R9oZj0ZKMh53Amv0SthKhL1coMVito8uYx0KB3wU4YDlqAPl5Eny6ij3ZrAH26iN5m3ZNzg6WbqP9HtZ4gA0_PAMa8_xCyoTb-5WQedXvErlaMsht7S0FHYyl739tAJune2_9M8gu7T6zm</recordid><startdate>20000601</startdate><enddate>20000601</enddate><creator>Roach, Mack</creator><creator>Lu, Jiandong</creator><creator>Pilepich, Miljenko V.</creator><creator>Asbell, Sucha O.</creator><creator>Mohuidden, Mohammed</creator><creator>Terry, Roger</creator><creator>Grignon, David</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000601</creationdate><title>Four prognostic groups predict long-term survival from prostate cancer following radiotherapy alone on radiation therapy oncology group clinical trials</title><author>Roach, Mack ; Lu, Jiandong ; Pilepich, Miljenko V. ; Asbell, Sucha O. ; Mohuidden, Mohammed ; Terry, Roger ; Grignon, David</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-64a510a63769b347d0e0d3417ff3b3a697275beeca7bcc1ad6ba95a8c884ed9a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Disease-Free Survival</topic><topic>Diseases of the urinary system</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Long-term survival</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Prostate cancer</topic><topic>Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - radiotherapy</topic><topic>Radiotherapy</topic><topic>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</topic><topic>Tumors of the urinary system</topic><topic>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Roach, Mack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jiandong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilepich, Miljenko V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asbell, Sucha O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohuidden, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terry, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grignon, David</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Roach, Mack</au><au>Lu, Jiandong</au><au>Pilepich, Miljenko V.</au><au>Asbell, Sucha O.</au><au>Mohuidden, Mohammed</au><au>Terry, Roger</au><au>Grignon, David</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Four prognostic groups predict long-term survival from prostate cancer following radiotherapy alone on radiation therapy oncology group clinical trials</atitle><jtitle>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</addtitle><date>2000-06-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>609</spage><epage>615</epage><pages>609-615</pages><issn>0360-3016</issn><eissn>1879-355X</eissn><coden>IOBPD3</coden><abstract>Purpose: Gleason score (GS), T stage, and pathologic lymph node status have been described as major independent predictors of death due to prostate cancer in men treated with external beam radiotherapy (XRT). In this analysis we combine these three factors to define prognostic subgroups that correlate with disease-specific survival (DSS) death from prostate cancer.
Methods and Materials: Men entered on one of four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Phase III randomized trials between 1975 and 1992, for clinically localized prostate cancer (CAP) (
n = 1557), were selected for this analysis. Patients were included if: 1) they were evaluable, and eligible for the trial; 2) they received no hormonal therapy with their initial treatment; and 3) follow-up was available. For this study a DSS event was declared if: 1) death was certified as due to CAP; 2) death was due to complications of treatment; or 3) death was from unknown causes with active malignancy. The median follow-up for patients treated on early and late RTOG studies exceeded 11 and 6 years respectively. Subgroups were identified based on their pretreatment GS, T-stage, and lymph node such that patients with similar risk of dying from prostate cancer were combined.
Results: By combining patients with similar DSS, four subgroups were identified. Risk Group 1 patients had a GS = 2–6, and T1–2Nx; Group 2: GS = 2–6, T3Nx; or GS = 2–6, N+, or GS = 7, T1–2Nx; Group 3: T3Nx, GS = 7; or N+, GS = 7, or T1–2Nx, GS = 8–10; and Group 4 patients were T3Nx, GS = 8–10, or N+, GS = 8–10. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year DSS was 96%, 86%, and 72%; 94%, 75%, and 61%; 83%, 62%, and 39%; and 64%, 34%, and 27% for Groups 1 through 4, respectively.
Conclusions: Recognition of these four risk groups provides a basis for estimating the long-term DSS for men treated with XRT alone and should facilitate the design of future prospective randomized trials.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>10837943</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00578-2</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Biological and medical sciences Disease-Free Survival Diseases of the urinary system Humans Long-term survival Lymph Nodes - pathology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases Prognosis Prostate cancer Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology Prostatic Neoplasms - radiotherapy Radiotherapy Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) Tumors of the urinary system Urinary tract. Prostate gland |
| title | Four prognostic groups predict long-term survival from prostate cancer following radiotherapy alone on radiation therapy oncology group clinical trials |
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