Production of monomeric phenols by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review
Biomass is a renewable and alternative source for the production of fuels and chemicals. This paper provides a brief survey of lignin precursors as well as thermogravimetric and pyrolysis studies of lignin with special reference to the production of phenols. Thermogravimetric analysis provides infor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bioresource Technology 2001-09, Vol.79 (3), p.277-299 |
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| creator | Amen-Chen, Carlos Pakdel, Hooshang Roy, Christian |
| description | Biomass is a renewable and alternative source for the production of fuels and chemicals. This paper provides a brief survey of lignin precursors as well as thermogravimetric and pyrolysis studies of lignin with special reference to the production of phenols. Thermogravimetric analysis provides information on pyrolysis kinetics while thermogravimetry in combination with mass or infrared spectrometers allowed a rapid characterization of the vapours produced by thermal treatment. Pyrolysis enabled even greater insight into the thermal behaviour of lignin.
Pyrolysis of single, dimeric and trimeric model lignin compounds can determine the thermal stability of the intermediate compounds formed and the origin of the pyrolysis products. A free radical mechanism has been suggested as a major route during the early lignin degradation stages followed by a combined free radical and concerted pathway at elevated temperatures. Pyrolysis of lignin in the presence of catalysts as additives was investigated. Significant differences in terms of yields of pyrolysis products and phenolic compounds were observed. The addition of salts resulted in a high weight loss at low temperature and yielded more char than untreated wood. Some metal catalysts such as transition metals and metal oxides such as Fe
2O
3 and Cu exhibited a better activity in terms of selectivity for the degradation of lignin. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00180-2 |
| format | Article |
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Pyrolysis of single, dimeric and trimeric model lignin compounds can determine the thermal stability of the intermediate compounds formed and the origin of the pyrolysis products. A free radical mechanism has been suggested as a major route during the early lignin degradation stages followed by a combined free radical and concerted pathway at elevated temperatures. Pyrolysis of lignin in the presence of catalysts as additives was investigated. Significant differences in terms of yields of pyrolysis products and phenolic compounds were observed. The addition of salts resulted in a high weight loss at low temperature and yielded more char than untreated wood. Some metal catalysts such as transition metals and metal oxides such as Fe
2O
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Pyrolysis of single, dimeric and trimeric model lignin compounds can determine the thermal stability of the intermediate compounds formed and the origin of the pyrolysis products. A free radical mechanism has been suggested as a major route during the early lignin degradation stages followed by a combined free radical and concerted pathway at elevated temperatures. Pyrolysis of lignin in the presence of catalysts as additives was investigated. Significant differences in terms of yields of pyrolysis products and phenolic compounds were observed. The addition of salts resulted in a high weight loss at low temperature and yielded more char than untreated wood. Some metal catalysts such as transition metals and metal oxides such as Fe
2O
3 and Cu exhibited a better activity in terms of selectivity for the degradation of lignin.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>catalysts</subject><subject>Compounds</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>copper</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>ferric oxide</subject><subject>fuels</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>heat treatment</subject><subject>Hydrolysis, pyrolysis and by-products</subject><subject>Incineration</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Lignin - metabolism</subject><subject>oxides</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phenols - chemistry</subject><subject>Polymer industry, paints, wood</subject><subject>Pyrolysis</subject><subject>salts</subject><subject>spectrometers</subject><subject>surveys</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>thermal stability</subject><subject>Thermogravimetry</subject><subject>Use of agricultural and forest wastes. Biomass use, bioconversion</subject><subject>vapors</subject><subject>weight loss</subject><subject>Wood</subject><subject>Wood. Paper. Non wovens</subject><issn>0960-8524</issn><issn>1873-2976</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMFu1DAQhi0EotuFRwByQBUcAmM7cRIuVVVBQaoEqPRs2ZMxa5TEWztb1LfH240KN04--Pvnn_kYe8HhHQeu3l9Bp6Bsa1G9AXgLwFsoxSO24m0jS9E16jFbPSBH7DilXwAgeSOesiPOq66rW7Fi37_F0O9w9mEqgivGMIWRosdiu6EpDKmwd8W8oTgG3NDo0QwFhumWYloS1ofRpPShMEWkW0-_n7EnzgyJni_vml1_-vjj_HN5-fXiy_nZZYlVC3NZK1C2MsA7bEnZrrKtlU3-E2Btw1uLsneydkgKnOyNRCcrIELJW4VYyTU7OczdxnCzozTr0SekYTAThV3SDee85vnkNasPIMaQUiSnt9GPJt5pDnrvUt-71HtRGkDfu9Qi514uBTs7Uv83tcjLwOsFMCmLcdFM6NM_0zuuuv2irw6YM0GbnzEj11ci9-ai3CS6TJweCMq-ssOoE3qakHofCWfdB_-fXf8AIHWaIA</recordid><startdate>20010901</startdate><enddate>20010901</enddate><creator>Amen-Chen, Carlos</creator><creator>Pakdel, Hooshang</creator><creator>Roy, Christian</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010901</creationdate><title>Production of monomeric phenols by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review</title><author>Amen-Chen, Carlos ; Pakdel, Hooshang ; Roy, Christian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-5606b4a019c8e6b94b8b37c4820bb718bc3df35fce60f3da3cf340eec3186cc43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>catalysts</topic><topic>Compounds</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>copper</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>ferric oxide</topic><topic>fuels</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>heat treatment</topic><topic>Hydrolysis, pyrolysis and by-products</topic><topic>Incineration</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Lignin</topic><topic>Lignin - metabolism</topic><topic>oxides</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phenols - chemistry</topic><topic>Polymer industry, paints, wood</topic><topic>Pyrolysis</topic><topic>salts</topic><topic>spectrometers</topic><topic>surveys</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>thermal stability</topic><topic>Thermogravimetry</topic><topic>Use of agricultural and forest wastes. Biomass use, bioconversion</topic><topic>vapors</topic><topic>weight loss</topic><topic>Wood</topic><topic>Wood. Paper. Non wovens</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amen-Chen, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pakdel, Hooshang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Christian</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Bioresource Technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amen-Chen, Carlos</au><au>Pakdel, Hooshang</au><au>Roy, Christian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Production of monomeric phenols by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review</atitle><jtitle>Bioresource Technology</jtitle><addtitle>Bioresour Technol</addtitle><date>2001-09-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>79</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>277</spage><epage>299</epage><pages>277-299</pages><issn>0960-8524</issn><eissn>1873-2976</eissn><abstract>Biomass is a renewable and alternative source for the production of fuels and chemicals. This paper provides a brief survey of lignin precursors as well as thermogravimetric and pyrolysis studies of lignin with special reference to the production of phenols. Thermogravimetric analysis provides information on pyrolysis kinetics while thermogravimetry in combination with mass or infrared spectrometers allowed a rapid characterization of the vapours produced by thermal treatment. Pyrolysis enabled even greater insight into the thermal behaviour of lignin.
Pyrolysis of single, dimeric and trimeric model lignin compounds can determine the thermal stability of the intermediate compounds formed and the origin of the pyrolysis products. A free radical mechanism has been suggested as a major route during the early lignin degradation stages followed by a combined free radical and concerted pathway at elevated temperatures. Pyrolysis of lignin in the presence of catalysts as additives was investigated. Significant differences in terms of yields of pyrolysis products and phenolic compounds were observed. The addition of salts resulted in a high weight loss at low temperature and yielded more char than untreated wood. Some metal catalysts such as transition metals and metal oxides such as Fe
2O
3 and Cu exhibited a better activity in terms of selectivity for the degradation of lignin.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>11499582</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00180-2</doi><tpages>23</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Bioresource Technology, 2001-09, Vol.79 (3), p.277-299 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Additives Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Biomass catalysts Compounds Conservation of Natural Resources copper Exact sciences and technology ferric oxide fuels Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production heat treatment Hydrolysis, pyrolysis and by-products Incineration Kinetics Lignin Lignin - metabolism oxides Phenols Phenols - chemistry Polymer industry, paints, wood Pyrolysis salts spectrometers surveys Temperature thermal stability Thermogravimetry Use of agricultural and forest wastes. Biomass use, bioconversion vapors weight loss Wood Wood. Paper. Non wovens |
| title | Production of monomeric phenols by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review |
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