Indication and Technique of Transnasal Microscopic Orbital Decompression for Endocrine Ophthalmopathy

If endocrine ophthalmopathy progresses despite conservative treatment then indications for surgical decompression are: loss of visual acuity, increasing strabism, and severe keratopathy. Endonasal microsurgery ensures a binocular view onto the intranasal landmarks of the orbital walls and allows sim...

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