Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children
A total of 3030 children age 8–19 years from Rwanda was interviewed about their war experiences and reactions approximately 13 months after the genocide that started in April 1994. Rwandan children had been exposed to extreme levels of violence in the form of witnessing the death of close family mem...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of traumatic stress 2000-01, Vol.13 (1), p.3-21 |
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| creator | Dyregrov, Atle Gupta, Leila Gjestad, Rolf Mukanoheli, Eugenie |
| description | A total of 3030 children age 8–19 years from Rwanda was interviewed about their war experiences and reactions approximately 13 months after the genocide that started in April 1994. Rwandan children had been exposed to extreme levels of violence in the form of witnessing the death of close family members and others in massacres, as well as other violent acts. A majority of these children (90%) believed that they would die; most had to hide to surive, and 15% had to hide under dead bodies to surive. A shortened form of the Impact of Event Scale used in a group of 1830 of these children documented high levels of intrusion and avoidance. While children living in shelters were exposed to more trauma, they evidenced less posttraumatic reactions. Analyses showed that reactions were associated with loss, violence exposure, and, most importantly, feeling their life was in danger. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1023/A:1007759112499 |
| format | Article |
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Rwandan children had been exposed to extreme levels of violence in the form of witnessing the death of close family members and others in massacres, as well as other violent acts. A majority of these children (90%) believed that they would die; most had to hide to surive, and 15% had to hide under dead bodies to surive. A shortened form of the Impact of Event Scale used in a group of 1830 of these children documented high levels of intrusion and avoidance. While children living in shelters were exposed to more trauma, they evidenced less posttraumatic reactions. Analyses showed that reactions were associated with loss, violence exposure, and, most importantly, feeling their life was in danger.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-9867</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1023/A:1007759112499</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10761171</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JTSTEB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germantown: Periodicals Service Company</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Genocide ; Homicide - psychology ; Humans ; Impact of Event Scale ; Infant ; Male ; massacres ; Medical sciences ; Personality Assessment ; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Rwanda ; Social Environment ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology ; Victimology ; Violence - psychology ; war ; Warfare</subject><ispartof>Journal of traumatic stress, 2000-01, Vol.13 (1), p.3-21</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2000 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies</rights><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5397-f2a5d1acfc1a0662d0f75c4281eb2a2ed3a59224a90b64dbe6d3818260dabbde3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5397-f2a5d1acfc1a0662d0f75c4281eb2a2ed3a59224a90b64dbe6d3818260dabbde3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1007759112499$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1023%2FA%3A1007759112499$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,4024,27923,27924,27925,33775,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1311479$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10761171$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dyregrov, Atle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Leila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gjestad, Rolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukanoheli, Eugenie</creatorcontrib><title>Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children</title><title>Journal of traumatic stress</title><addtitle>J. Traum. Stress</addtitle><description>A total of 3030 children age 8–19 years from Rwanda was interviewed about their war experiences and reactions approximately 13 months after the genocide that started in April 1994. Rwandan children had been exposed to extreme levels of violence in the form of witnessing the death of close family members and others in massacres, as well as other violent acts. A majority of these children (90%) believed that they would die; most had to hide to surive, and 15% had to hide under dead bodies to surive. A shortened form of the Impact of Event Scale used in a group of 1830 of these children documented high levels of intrusion and avoidance. While children living in shelters were exposed to more trauma, they evidenced less posttraumatic reactions. Analyses showed that reactions were associated with loss, violence exposure, and, most importantly, feeling their life was in danger.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Developing Countries</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genocide</subject><subject>Homicide - psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Impact of Event Scale</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>massacres</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Personality Assessment</subject><subject>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Rwanda</subject><subject>Social Environment</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology</subject><subject>Victimology</subject><subject>Violence - psychology</subject><subject>war</subject><subject>Warfare</subject><issn>0894-9867</issn><issn>1573-6598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c1v0zAYBnALgVgZnLmhCE3cwvza8Re3dmwFNg0Jijhaju10GYld7EZb_3tSpeLrspMvv-d59fpF6CXgt4AJPZ2_A4yFYAqAVEo9QjNggpacKfkYzbBUVakkF0foWc63GGMplXyKjgALDiBghq5XyQy9Kfz9JuYh-cIEV2zyzt7ELq5ba7oieWO3bQy52MZi7UO0rRtdH8O6-HI3ehMKe9N2LvnwHD1pTJf9i8N7jL5dnK_OPpRXn5cfz-ZXpWVUibIhhjkwtrFgMOfE4UYwWxEJviaGeEcNU4RURuGaV6723FEJknDsTF07T4_Rm6l3k-LPweet7ttsfdeZ4OOQtQBMFbDqQciBScYrMcLX_8HbOKQwLqEJJZwSwmFEpxOyKeacfKM3qe1N2mnAen8QPdf_HGRMvDrUDnXv3V9-usAITg7A5PG3m2SCbfMfRwEqse-hE7trO797aKz-tPoKcr9UOaXavPX3v1Mm_dBcUMH09-ulXiwuF-9Xl1gv6S8EjLA0</recordid><startdate>200001</startdate><enddate>200001</enddate><creator>Dyregrov, Atle</creator><creator>Gupta, Leila</creator><creator>Gjestad, Rolf</creator><creator>Mukanoheli, Eugenie</creator><general>Periodicals Service Company</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200001</creationdate><title>Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children</title><author>Dyregrov, Atle ; Gupta, Leila ; Gjestad, Rolf ; Mukanoheli, Eugenie</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5397-f2a5d1acfc1a0662d0f75c4281eb2a2ed3a59224a90b64dbe6d3818260dabbde3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Developing Countries</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genocide</topic><topic>Homicide - psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Impact of Event Scale</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>massacres</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Personality Assessment</topic><topic>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Rwanda</topic><topic>Social Environment</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology</topic><topic>Victimology</topic><topic>Violence - psychology</topic><topic>war</topic><topic>Warfare</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dyregrov, Atle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Leila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gjestad, Rolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukanoheli, Eugenie</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of traumatic stress</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dyregrov, Atle</au><au>Gupta, Leila</au><au>Gjestad, Rolf</au><au>Mukanoheli, Eugenie</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children</atitle><jtitle>Journal of traumatic stress</jtitle><addtitle>J. Traum. Stress</addtitle><date>2000-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>3</spage><epage>21</epage><pages>3-21</pages><issn>0894-9867</issn><eissn>1573-6598</eissn><coden>JTSTEB</coden><abstract>A total of 3030 children age 8–19 years from Rwanda was interviewed about their war experiences and reactions approximately 13 months after the genocide that started in April 1994. Rwandan children had been exposed to extreme levels of violence in the form of witnessing the death of close family members and others in massacres, as well as other violent acts. A majority of these children (90%) believed that they would die; most had to hide to surive, and 15% had to hide under dead bodies to surive. A shortened form of the Impact of Event Scale used in a group of 1830 of these children documented high levels of intrusion and avoidance. While children living in shelters were exposed to more trauma, they evidenced less posttraumatic reactions. Analyses showed that reactions were associated with loss, violence exposure, and, most importantly, feeling their life was in danger.</abstract><cop>Germantown</cop><pub>Periodicals Service Company</pub><pmid>10761171</pmid><doi>10.1023/A:1007759112499</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Sociological Abstracts; Access via Wiley Online Library; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Children Developing Countries Female Genocide Homicide - psychology Humans Impact of Event Scale Infant Male massacres Medical sciences Personality Assessment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Rwanda Social Environment Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology Victimology Violence - psychology war Warfare |
| title | Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children |
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